metals Po tes 1c life Sa doensated y a Poatnat Rhine A ate atone Pt ang eNOS . ee Fab aeons ia eng ae Meee haat Ayia me nerte en hemi 7 ee me ‘ : “ hence ae Past re PMs Ram ear Bgh et te sgh eh a 9 el wae reer rapt : peanan Ph yhse Bie ae ae, perso” st a see evar: POR CH pe Pantheon im de ot ey ee a 3 HARVARD UNIVERSITY. | LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF Pee Cah ae ee ZOOLOGY ! . ; ie baa a mai Fae it Ks if Ay Lee Ny i ¥ THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD JOURNAL OF VARIATION . EpItrEp BY R. S. BAGNaLt, D.SC., F.R.S.E. T. Barnsriceze FLErcurr, Matcotm BURR, D.8C.,F.R.E.8. R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. Rev. C.R.N. Burrows, F.R.£.S. H. HE. PAaGs, F.R.2.s. H. A. CockayNnkE, A.M., D.M., ALYRED SICH, F.R.E.S. r F.R.E.S., F.R.C.P. Rey. G. WHEELER, M.A., J. E. Connin, J.P., F.R.E.S. oI Soy WloMAaSe H. DonIstHORPE, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. G. T. Beruunn-BakeEr, F.Z.8., F.R.E.S., Editor Emeritus. and Henry J. TURNER, v.R.£.s., F.R.H.S., Editorial Secretary VOL. XLVI. (new series). JANUARY to DECEMBER, 1984. * PRICE 12s. 6d. Special Index (with every reference) 1s. 6d. We wish our Readers the Compliments of the Season. This Season has not been a bad one and the energetic workers have done well on the whole. The workers are few we suppose for our magazines get only a limited number of records. In the early days of this magazine so great was the quantity of notes on Collecting that many got almost out of date before publication. We have been fortunate as regards plates this year and we have two or three already in view for 1935. Will subscribers note that not only is a subseription to our coffers needed but entomological obser- vations too are badly needed, especially Current Notes and Information. Our sub-title ‘ Journal of Variation” has been well kept in view. The first volume of the Supplement to Tutt’s British Noctuae and their Variation is completed all but the Appendix and Index, and Dr. Verity has continued to deal with the Butterfly races of the Rhone Valley, each month. Owing to the generous help of one of our valued contributors we were able to give our readers eight plates to his paper. We have felt obliged to take up some amount of space, much against our desire, on the question of Nomenclature, as the List of names for our British Butterflies recently issued by the Royal Ent. Soc. was thought by many to be founded on incorrect premises and thus only of temporary use.—Hy.J.T. eer for at Bat are now due. Vol. XLVI. \3GA D JANUARY, 1934 § ul ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD AND Le JOURNAL OF VARIATION EpitEep R. S. BaGnauu, D.SC., F.R.E.S. H. DonisvHoren, F.Z.S., ¥.R-E.S. p Matcoum Bore, D.SC., V.R.E.S. JT. Barinpriccr FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., with the Rev. C. KR. N. Burrows, ¥.R.u.8. F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. assistance of | H- A. Cockaynn, a.m., D.u., F.R.E.S., | H. DE. Pan, v.r.u.s. F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, V.R.U.S. J. BK. Contin, J.P., F.R.E.8. Rev. G. \WHrithmr, M.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Breraune-BakeEr, V.Z.8., F.R.E.8. By Henry J. TURNER, F.R.=.8., ¥.R.u.8., Hditorial Secretary. CONTENTS Entomological Notes of the Season 1933 in N. Ireland, Thos. Greer sO 1 Collecting Butterflies in Orissa, India, W. MW. Crawford, F.R.E.S. ws 4 Screntiric Notrs.—T. pene in ee J.C. F. Fryer, FREES. C. pronubana, Id. .. ae u Notes oN CoLuEcrine. _ iin sL cal Notes a G0. Dublin, L. Bonaparte-Wyse: C. hyale, etc., in W. Sussex, Id.: H. convolvuli and M. atropos, G. L. Thynne: C. pronubana in die I. of Wight, H. G. Jeffreys: P. livornica in Wilts., J. B. Fragley: Collecting on the Dorset Coast, Capt. C. Q. Parsons: A. sioulans) in Berkshire, G. S. Le M.D.: Melanic var. of C. ee Id. Cans of Insects. . 50 a st a5 8 CURRENT NEE we we a a Pe os a ve Se 10 REVIEW es be we Bs aS Ae Ae A 12 Information ted Hy. 7. DS ooears a oe ag ei Sab eeee 12 Sprcrat INDEX ahs ats ee i.-x. SUPPLEMENT.—British Notas. m y. J. Dae F. Ra; E. 1S, F. 7. H.S. —(309)-(312) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.E.9. This number, Price TWO SHILLINGS (net). Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. No. 126 TELEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 H ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET a IS li i Dp L & SO N, MANUFACTURERS, Have for disposal Re-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Imsect Gabinets; also Gheap Storage Gahbinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WinnespEn 0309. THE: VASCULOT A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A WV. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam. WVilliam Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R.S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. WW. Temperley. The Vasculum is, now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM GARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. NOW READY BRITISH BEETLES Their Homes and Habits BY NORMAN JOY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.E.S., M.B.O.U. (Author of ‘‘ A Practical Handbook of British Beetles.’’) Illustrated with 4 full-page photographic plates, 27 plates of repre- sentative Species and numerous text diagrams. Size 8 in. by 5# in. Cloth Gilt, 5/- net. FREDERICK WARNE & CO, LTD., 1-4, Bedford Court, London, W.C.2. “ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. .. Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, Is. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kennero J. Haywarp, F.R.E.S. Is. 3d. Hiubner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) 56 -. 935. Od. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. Anprews, F.R.H.S. 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37-45 of nt. Record, new series ; including ‘Special Index . Bre : Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be obtained post sobs i om. a, W. fea 5. 6, reste Road, Eltham, 8.E.%. gin vlogists , t wy JOURNAL OF VARIATION. Er Ong AND Warne SSENAG IN@e. ale January 1l5rx, 1934. Entomological Notes of the Season 1933 in the North of Ireland. By THOMAS GREER. The past season here has been remarkable for the long spell of fine dry weather that has prevailed from early May until well into October. In many districts there is at the present time a water famine, and many local farmers are now carting water from the nearest stream or river for their flocks. As is usual in a dry season sugar was of little use, but by working various flowers; snowberry in June; marsh grasses and ragweed in July and August; |] managed to gather a use-- ful collection of Noctuae. On 20th March Melitaea aurinia larvae had left their winter nests, in the meadow here, and were basking in the fitful sunshine; Alsophila (Anisopteryx) aescularia came to light on 22nd March. An outing toa neighbouring bog on 2nd April for Amphysa prodromana was unsuccess- ful owing to the high wind, but larvae of M. aurinia were found in a new locality. On 6th April on another bog several A. rrodromana were netted flying in the afternoon sun over a mixed growth of heather and Potentilla reptans. Xylocampa areola appeared at sallows on 4th April together with Taentocampa munda, T. gracilis, T. uothica and T’, stabilis. Pieris napi was first observed on 19th April and in both broods several completely banded (from apex of fore-wing to inner marginal spot) forms occurred. Euchloé cardamines was abundant, several nice forms were captured, including a 3 without discal spot on forewing ; g with the orange blotch edged internally with black scales, these black scales extending from the discal spot to inner margin of forewing ; form wnbresa, Culot; another g with the orange blotch extensively clouded with black seales. During the month of May the following Geometers were more or less common at dusk ; Coenotephria derivata, Xanthorhoé spadicearia, X. ferrugata, Ochyria designata, and Lamprop- teryx suffumata; X. ferrugata being in this district much less common than X. spadicearia. Bapta temerata was beaten out of black-thorn hedges in the day-time, and Chiasmia clathrata was abundant and variable, flying in the sunshine in damp meadows. In these same 2 ENTOMOLOGIST’S REOCORD. 15.1.1934 meadows, towards the ond of the month M. aurinia was about in small numbers, but was much more abundant during June, when several dark forms were captured. About this time, an expedition to Slieve Gallion, a mountain some miles from here, especially for Hadena glauca, had poor results as far as glauca was concerned, only a few worn and faded examples. being ° seen at a sallow bush which was still in bloom. On the way home, in a little ravine, on the mountain side a number of Dysstroma truncata, Calostigia salicata and Hydriomena ruberata, were netted flying to the lamp. lEHarly in June Perizoma affinitata and P. flavofasciata were abundant on a high sandy bank at Killymoon where Lychnis divrna grows in great masses ; the latter species flew freely in the sun in the afternoon, but P. affinitata did not appear on the wing until dusk. A fresh looking example of Pyrameis atalanta was sunning itself on the bracken fronds ; and several Mesoleuca albicillata were observed at rest on tree trunks. About the middle of the month Adscita statices was flying in scores in damp meadows; several of the steel-bluish- -green type form were netted ; at dusk in the same meadows Miana arcuosa was common, and Dianthoecia conspersa, D. cucubali, and one Hecatera serena were captured at Lychnis ffos-cucult. On the bogs, and marshy meadows nearby in North Armagh on 18th June, M. awinia was flying in numbers and Hemaris tityus was common at the Lousewort (/’edicnlaris), but mostly in worn condition, several Aryyrolepia baumanniana were disturbed from the scabious and captured. At the edge of a small lake Hydrelia wneula occurred commonly among the sedges along with buactra furfurana; Penthina corticana, and Sericoris urticana in numbers were beaten out of birch scrub. But the best catch of the day was an example of Hipocrita (Huchelia) jacobaeae having the costal snipe on forewing joined to the apical spot. Large numbers of moths mostly common Noctuae were attracted to the snowberry flowers at dusk; the following being observed: Xylophasia rurea various forms, Apamea gemina, with f. remissa, A. basilinea, Miana fasciuncula, Grammesia trigrammica, Rusina tenebrosa, Ayrotis seyetis, A. eaclamattonis, Noctua plecta, N. festiva, N. yubi, Dianthoecia cucubali, Hadena dentina, H. thalassina, Abrostola triplasia, Plusia festucae, and P. pulchrina. Sugar was tried on several nights but produced only a few Apamea unanimis, and Miana fasciuncula. Humorpha (Chaerocampa) elpenor and D. conspersa visited the flowers of Hesperis matronalis in the garden, and a nice series of Boarmia lichenarvia was captured at dusk. In a meadow here (Milton) at the end of.this month, Hupithecia palustraria, and Heterognomon icterana, were observed, the latter in some numbers was disturbed from the coarse grass and rushes, and in the evening Campaea margaritata, Boarmia repandata, Ptychopoda - biselata, P. aversata, and Zanthognatha grisealis were taken. On 6th July at Lough Fea Orambus margaritellus was out in numbers, and sugar was fairly successful, the following being observed or taken, Noctua festiva, some nice red forms, N. brunnea, Hadena pisi, Xylophasia monoglypha, dark forms, and Hadena adusta. Semasia woebertana was common on 8th July on some apple-trees in the garden and several Zanthognatha tarsipennis were netted flying along an ivy ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES IN NORTH OF IRELAND. 3 covered wall. At grasses in wet places and ditches the following species were observed or taken, Noctua wmbrosa, N. augur, Thyatira derasa and 7. batis, Leucania comma, L. impura, L. pallens, Apamea secalis, in endless variety, A. ophiogramma, Miana literosa, and Mania typica; the Geometers were represented by Lygris testata, Dysstroma citrata, Calostigia pectinitaria, Perizoma alchemillata, and Hydriomena furcata ; Xanthorhoé munitata, which occurred in similar localities (quite lowland) near Stewartstown does not seem to be present here. On 2nd August a sandy area on the shore of Lough Neagh near Newport Trench was visited ;, Agrotis vestigialis turned up in some numbers at ragweed, a dark brown form ; the following also occurred Ayrotis tritict, abundant; Miana bicoloria, and M. literosa, were also common ; other species present were Apamea secalis, Noctua wanthoyrapha, Triphaena comes, Hydraecia crinanensis, Cerigo matura, and Amphipyra tragopogonis. A few days later A vestigialis was noted again on the sands at the mouth of the Ballinderry river. Although Kane in his ‘‘ Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland ”’ does not mention a single inland locality, this species is found all along the western shore of Lough Neagh wherever there are sandy areas, from Washing Bay in Co. Tyrone in the south, to Toome in Co. Antrim in the north. On 4th August at Killyeolpy Wood, Lough Neagh, /’enthina marginana and Semasia populana were netted in a rough meadow. Beating mixed hedges at Milton on 8th August produced Dictyopterya ({Acalla) holmiana, Rhacodia emaryana (caudana), with forms griseana and fuscana; Peronea schalleriana, P. sparsana, P. variegana, with form argentana, P. latifasciana, in the forms comparana and perplewana, and Teras (Aleimona) contaminana. On 11th August at the Magilligan sands, Co Derry: Satyrus semele, Npinephelejurtina, ssp. termes, a small form, Polyommatus icarus, were all more or less abundant ; ‘and from Rosa spinosissima numerous examples of Spilonota incarnatana were beaten out; larvae of Homaeosoma cretacella were found in their webs on Ragweed. Pyrameis atalanta and Vanessa io first appeared at Buddleia in the garden on 14th August and 1’. cardui on the 15th at Seabious. During the month all three species were more abundant in this district than they have been for many years. P.atalanta was the most numerous, out- numbering V. io and P. cardui by about six toone. Curiously enough P. cardui did not visit the Buddleia, although it was common enough on the scabious in rough meadows close by. By the end of the month cardwi had almost vanished, but atalanta was to be seen about until the end of October at flowers in the garden, andivy bloom. At Killymoon at various times heather bloom was examined at dusk with a lamp, Ayrotis agathina and Noctua glareosa turning up in small numbers, but nothing else of note. On 29th August a single Deuteronomos alniaria was taken at rest on the frame of a street lamp at 2.80 a.m. s.t. in Cookstown; and a % Colias croceus was observed flying rapidly down the main street at 11.30 a.m. ; another ¢ was seen in a bog on the Dungannon road. About this time lst September, there was an invasion of Herse (Sphinx) convolvuli in the district; a number mostly taken at rest were brought here for identification and several were also observed flying around Nicotiana in the garden at dusk, ENLOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1.19384 _ Pararge megera made a welcome appearance after an apparent absence of many years. Numbers of Nomophila noctuella, and Scopula ferrugalis in less abundance, frequented the rough meadows in which P. cardui had been so common during the preceding month. Ennomos quercinaria, a local and uncommon moth in this district was found at rest on an ivy leaf on 16th September. During October Calocampa vetusta, in the form brunnea was common at ivy bloom. Second broods of Plusia festucae in August, and P. chrysitis in September have occurred, and larvae of Pieris brassicae are (28th November) feeding in the open. Collecting Butterflies in Orissa (Bihar and Orissa), India. By W. M. CRAWFORD, F.R.E.S. Sambalpur, which was my headquarters from February, 1911, to March, 1915, is the chief town of the district of the same name. The district is the only one of the five British districts forming the Orissa division, which lies far inland. The others are either on the coast or close to it. Most of my collecting was done at Sambalpur or in the district, but in 1918 I took a long tour down the river Mahanaddi to Cuttack, visiting a number of Native States on the way. In June of that year I had visited the mountainous region of Meghasini in the Mourbhanj State, the highest point of which reaches 3823 feet above sea level. The main crop of the district is rice, which implies a damp climate. A large part of the valley of the Mahanaddi, on the banks of which the town of Sambalpur is situated, is within the 500 foot contour, but there are many small hill ranges, chiefly on the outskirts of the district, which rise to 1000 ft. or 1500 ft. The spot where some of the best and most uncommon butterflies were caught, was at the highest point of a small wooded hill within the limits of the civil station of Sambalpur. My butterfly-boy discovered the place, and there, standing on the top of a rock beside a tree on the very summit of the hill, and with a long handle fastened to his net, he caught the insects which settled on the tree or flew about it. Many of these I had never seen in my garden down by the river bank, nor anywhere else in the district. Orissa is a very interesting collecting ground, as it is the meeting place of both northern and southern forms. I have tried to indicate this division in the following list. Those butterflies which belong to a species or race chiefly found in places to the north of Sambalpur have been marked with the letter N. On the other hand those whose principal range is in South India have been given the letter S. Those without either of these letters are butterflies which extend over the whole of India, or at any rate both north and south of Orissa. In the short visit I was able to pay to Meghasini, the high mountain in Mourbhanj, I caught no less than six species which had not previously been found south of the Himalayas. These are 7roides helena, Li. ssp. cerberus, Fldr., Papilio paris, L. paris, P. chaon, Wstwd. chaon, Zetides doson, Fldr. ssp. axion, Fldr. COLLECTING BUTTERFLIES IN ORISSA, INDIA. 5 Apatura parisatis, Wstwd. parisatis and Diagora persimilis, Wstwd.. persimilis. It seems likely that a longer opportunity of exploring its possibilities would have resulted in still more Himalayan forms being found, When we consider that the Meghasini mountains are some 400 miles from the nearest point of the Himalaya range with the wide Gangetic plain lying between, it seems likely that their Himalayan butterfly fauna goes back to a far distant time and is not the result of the later migrations. I have unfortunately not enough material to show any local races. The names in the following list are as given in Brigadier W. H. Fivans’ ‘“ Identification of Indian Butterflies, ”” Second Edition. PaPILIONIDAE, 1. Trotdes helena, L. ssp. cerberus, Fldr.—lI only secured one male of this species on the top of Meghasini mountain, and later a friend sent me a female, unfortunately very damaged, from the same place. The male has a complete series of black spots on the yellow area of the hindwing and was described by Captain (now Brigadier) W. H. HKyans as an aberration (v. Journal, Bombay Natural History Society, Wolk XO:GUL, jo W7O)ja. IN 2. T'ros hector, L.—Found more commonly at Puri on the coast, but also in Sambalpur. 3. T. aristolochiae, F. aristolochiae—Common, especially in gardens. 4. Chilasa clytia, lL. clytia.—Fairly common in both the typical brown form and the dimorphic form dissimilis, L. I bred a number from larvae found on a small bush in my garden. 5. Papilio polymnestor, Cr, polymnestor..—Common both in the plains and on Meghasini mountain. N. 6. P. paris, L. parts.—I got this also on Meghasini most of these are marked rather like the southern tamana, but in size are true paris. N. 7. P.crino, F.—Common in Sambalpur. 5S. 8. P.chaon, Wstwd. chaon.—Another of the Meghasini captures. N. 9. P. polytes, Li. ssp. romulus, Cr.—Common with three forms of females. 10. P. demoleus, Li. demoleus.—Very common. 11. Pathysa nomius, Hsp. nomius.—Kairly common. Found larvae on a big Polyalthia longifolia tree in my compound and bred out several. 12. P. antiphates, Cr. ssp. pompilius, F.—F ound it very plentiful on Meghasini, swarms of them settling on a muddy swamp that probably partook of the nature of a ‘“ salt-lick,” as the butterflies seemed half intoxicated, N. 13. Zetides sarpedon, Li. sarpedon.—Also very numerous on Meghasini along with the previous butterfly. N. 14. Z. doson, Fldr. ssp. avion, Fldr.—Found both on Meghasini and Sambalpur. N. PIERIDAE. 15. Leptosia nina, F. (wiphia, F.).—Not common. 16. Detias eucharis, Drury.—Very common. 6 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. : 15.11.1984 17. . Belenois mesentina, Cr. mesentina. {Sonn itin common. I got several very small specimens, both male and female. 18. Cepora (Huphina) nerissa, F. ssp. evagete, Cr.—Common. Unlike most butterflies, the females of this species, especially in the dry season form, are frequently smaller than the males. 8. 19. Appias indra, Mr. indra.—Two from Meghasini. N. 20. A. libythea, F. libythea.—I only obtained a single female—of wet season form—in Sambalpur. S. 21. Catopsilia crocale, Cr.—Very common. 22. C. pomona, F. —Also very common, likewise its female variety vcatilla, Gr. . 23. - C. pyranthe, L. minna, Herbst. HOG mom 24. C. florella, F. ssp. gnoma, F.*—Common. 25. HKurema (Terias) libythea, ¥—Common. 26. EH, laeta, Bdv. laeta.—Fairly common, both in W.S.F. venata, Mr. and D.S.F. laeta, Bdy. S. 27. EH. blanda, Bdvy. ssp. silhetana, Wall.—I got three on Meghasini. 28. HH. hecabe, Li. ssp. stmulata, Mr.—Very common everywhere. 8. . 29. Ixtas marianne, Cr.—I only got 5 gs and1 @? in the Ranpur and Nayagarh Feudatory States. 30. 1. pyrene, L. ssp. frequens, Btlr.—Also got.in the Nayagarh State. S. Bl. Hebomora glaucippe, L. ylaucippe.—Only one specimen caught, on January 27th, at Lijepur in the Sambalpur district, in the open plain west of the river. N. 32. Pareronia valeria, Cr. ssp. hippia, F.—Common. This pale blue butterfly (male) is very pretty in the sunlight, and the females are wonderful mimics of Danaid butterflies of the black and white kinds. DaANaIDAB. 83. Danais aglea, Cr. aglea.—Caught two on Meghasini and one at Tikrapara in the Angul district. 8. 34. D. limniace, Or. ssp. mutina, Fruh.—Very common. aii» JD), plexippus, L.—Also very common. 36. D. chrysippus, L.—Probably the commonest butterfly. I did not come across any specimen of the alcippoides or dorippus forms. 37. Huploea muleiber, Or. ssp. kalinga, Doh.—One male obtained in Narsinghpur State in September, but unfortunately in poor condition. WD. ‘ 38. H. core, Cr. core.—Very common. S. SATYRIDAR. 39. Mycalesis anawias, Hew. ssp. aemate, Fruh.—I caught three specimens on Meghasini. N. 40. M. perseus, Fb. ssp. typhius, Fruh.—Common in both dry and wet season forms. I got one female (dry season) with the ocelli marked on the underside by prominent white spots instead of the usual black spots. N. 41. M. mineus, L. ssp. polydecta, Cr.—Also common. N. * Seitz gives gnoma as the dry season form of pyranthe,—Hy.J.T. SCIENTIFIC NOTES. Tt 42. Lethe enropa, Fb. ssp. ragalva, Fruh.—Not uncommon. 6. . 43, L.. rohria, Fb. rohria.—Three males cane on Meghasini, one in April and two in May. N. 44. Ypthima asterope, Klug. ssp. mahratta, Mr.—Common. 45. Y. ceylonica, Hew.—These were only found in Nayagarh and Ranpur States, which | visited im September. 5S. 46. Y. hubnerti, Kirby, hubnert.—Very common. 47. Y.avanta, Mr. ssp. sinygala, Fldr.—A single male taken in Sambaipur. §. 48. Y. baldus, F. ssp. madrasa, Hvans.—Very common. S%. 49. Opncdricene medus, Kb. medus.—Very common, especially in dry season form. N. 50. Melanitis leda, L. ssp. ismene, Cr.—Also very common, and again especially in the dry season form, which shows an immense variety in the markings of the underside. 51. Mlymnias hypermnestra, Hb. ssp. undularis, Drury.—Fairly common. N. Ke he NyYMPHALIDAE. 52. Charaxes polyxena, Cr. ssp. imna, Btlr.—A large series of males - was obtained in Sambalpur, but only a single female. The wet season males have a noticeably broader black marginal band on the upper forewing and also show a definitely longer and more pointed tail to the hindwing than do the dry season specimens. I have not found in these latter the tawny markings on the border of the upper forewing, which Evans, in his “ Identification of Indian Butterflies” gives as a feature of the dry season form. My only specimen showing such markings is a very small one (span only 68mm.) caught in July, when one would naturally expect a wet season form. S. 53. OU. fabius, Fb. fabius.—Found very commonly, though females were scarce. (To be continued.) SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Tortrrx postvitrana, WatLker, In EXnauanp.—In view of Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher's note on this species (antea p. 165) it may be of interest to recall that a previous specimen was reared in 1927 by Mr. Hodson of Reading University from a larva he had obtained in a box ° of New Zealand apples. This occurrence was recorded in a report on insect pests in 1925-1927 (Ministry of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 62). The species is evidently one that would not prove a desirable addition to the British fauna but, it would seem difficult to take any steps to guard against this contingency, since larvae might be imported with almost any form of merchandise from Australia and New Zealand.—J. C. F. Fryer, F.R.E.S., Harpenden. Cacorcia pronuBana, Hs.—With reference to Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher’s note on the distribution of this species (atea p. 164), it 1s perhaps worth pointing out that the insect is a serious glasshouse pest and that its spread is likely to have been assisted by the distribu- tion of greenhouse plants. It is, moreover, possible that its establish- ment under elass has allowed the species to persist in areas in which 8 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1.1934 otherwise it could have effected but temporary settlements. Of the plants attacked, carnations suffer most seriously and in consequence the inseet is known in Germany as the ‘‘ Nelkenwickler”’; species of Cytisus are also very liable to injury, but the pest is so polyphagous that any list of its foodplants would be a long one. In spite of the ease with which the insect may be conveyed from place to place on plants, it seems doubtful whether the first invasion of the more northern countries of Kurope was due to this means. Rather, there would seem to have been a migration northwards at the beginning of the present century, somewhat of the same character as took place with Plusia moneta.—Ip. J)OTES ON COLLECTING, ete. Entomotoeica Notes From Co. Dusiin.—I spent a fortnight at Kingstown during the latter half of last August. Unfortunately I had little time for collecting. In a disused quarry at the back of Dalkey town I found a few butterflies flying such as, Pyrameis cardut, Pararge megera, P. aegeria, Rumicia (Chrysophanus) phlaeas, Polyommatus icarus, ete. A bed of Pulicaria growing in damp ground proved a great attraction to these species as well as to Pieris brassicae and P. napt. At Glenageary station, while waiting for a train, I saw a couple of Macroglossum stellatarum, one or two Pyrameis cardut, Vanessa io and several Aglais wrticae, also a few R. phlaeas and P. icarus at flowers of valerian, M. stellatarwm was also seen at Blackrock in a garden. On 29th August I went out to Howth Head which dominates Dublin Bay. It was a lovely summer’s day and there were plenty of butterflies about. 1 never remember seeing Pyrameis atalanta in such abundance anywhere and all in the pink of condition. A few Colias croceus were flying and | secured one, a female. Mr. Stelfox of the Dublin Museum told me that ‘‘ Clouded Yellows”? had been seen frequently this summer on the Dublin coast.—L. H. Bonaparte Wyss, Shoreham-by-Sea. Conias HyaLr, ETc., In West Sussex.—I captured a fine male specimen of Colias hyale on the Downs behind Shoreham on 4th August. Shortly after on the same ground I took a female C. croceus. From then onwards C. croceus occurred there but rather sparingly, until October 5th, but I did not see any more C. hyale. In 1928 C. croceus Was very abundant here and some nice specimens of var. ? helice were secured. On 21st July I collected around Lancing Clump and netted a specimen of Polygonia c-album, which was the first time I had seen it in these parts. However, on 1Jth September I met with a second near Old Shoreham on the flowers of Pulicaria, unfortunately torn though otherwise quite fresh. A third was seen on Buddleia in Shoreham town. Pyrameis atalanta and Aglais wrticae were both very common here this summer and P. cardui less so, while a large colony of the larvae of Vanessa io was located at Lancing and. one or two imagines reared. The Blues were much in evidence on the Downs, Ayriades coridon outnumbering all other species. A. bellaryus however, has become scarce in the last few years in a certain locality where it was once NOTES ON COLLECTING. 9 plentiful. Macroglossum stellatarum was observed hovering over the flowers of valerian in gardens in Bungalow Town throughout the summer and autumn until 7th November.—In. Hers convotvunr anp Manpuca atropos.—I found a larva of the convolvulus hawkmoth near Hove. It went down directly it was given a pot of earth. This was at the end of August. It emerged on the 28th September, having been kept in a warm garage. In the same district at the foot of the Downs at Hove seven “death’s heads” (1. atropos) larvae were found on potatoes. They were nearly full fed and early in September two emerged quite naturally, but one was a cripple and the other worse than that as it died half way through, and one only half pupated and also died. The remaining four I left while I went away for a fortnight and on my return forced them with damp heat with the result that three perfect specimens and one cripple emerged. This was between 28rd and 28th of October. | had a very battered specimen brought me at the end of October quite useless and was told that it flew into a cottage. It was thought to be a bat and was laid out with a piece of wood: needless to say, it was not the sort of thing to set up. A friend of mine at Basset near Southampton told me that he had seen quite a dozen “convolvulus hawks” in his garden at the tobacco plants and other flowers just before dusk, but did not take any.—G. L. Tuynnx, 34, Carlisle Rd., Hove, Sussex. _ CacokcIA PRONUBANA IN THE Isie or WieHr.—As a record of the spreading range of this Tortricid it may be interesting to note that I boxed a specimen off a shop window in Newport, Isle of Wight on 30th of September, 19383.—H. G. Jurrrays, Newport. Paryxus Livornica in WruirsHrre.—A ‘striped hawk” moth was caught in the kitchen of St. Patrick’s, Littleton Panel, nr. Devises, Wilts. at 8 p.m. on 19th Noy. It is a perfect specimen. In 1909 at Voerspoed near Kronstad in the Orange Free State, S. Africa, the vine on the house was literally stripped by the larvae of this species; I could have obtained hundreds.—J. B. Fraciny, The Rookery, Cosham, Wilts. Coniectine on THE Dorset Coast in June, 1931.—In 1981 J spent a fortnight commencing 14th June at West Bexington a small hamlet on the coast about a mile west of Abbotsbury. The coast line is devoid of marram grass and sand, but consists of deep shingle. There is a very pretty stretch of thrift and a fair smattering of Silene. There is also a small stream bordering the shore, fringed with Phragmites and a long stretch of Umbelliferae, the blossoms of which latter proved most attractive to Noetuae, which were so keen that they remained quite undisturbed by the light of the lamp. ‘The country around consists of undulating grass land devoid of trees but with an abundance of hawthorn hedges. The following are the species taken; the letter C. denotes common. Phryawus livorniea, 2.—One flying over Silene and one at rest on hawthorn, during the day, the latter much the worse for heavy rain. Theretra porcellus.—One at valerian blossom in the garden of the house where westayed. Porthesia similis (auriflua), C.—Larvae on hawthorn. 10: ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1:1984 Lachneis lanestris.— Several colonies of larvae on hawthorn. Eutricha quercifolia.—A larva found by my wife on hawthorn at Sayre, a neigh- bouring village. Diloba caeruleocephala, C.—Larvae on hawthorn. - Leucania straminea.—Larvae on Phragmites. Mamestra sordida and Apamea gemina.— Both at blossoms of Umbelliferae. Miana strigilis. Grammesia trigramamieca. Caradrina quadripunetata—One on Umbelliferae blossoms. Agrotis eaclamationis—Abundant on Umbels. Dianthoecia carpophaga.—F lying over Silene. Hupleaia lucipara.—On the Umbels. Hadena dentina. Pyrrhia wnbra (marginata).—One at flowerheads. Acontia luctuosa. C.—Along the shore to the eastward darting about in the sunshine amongst the thrift, I took some fine varieties, Hmaturga atomaria.—In company with A. luctuosa. Timandra amata. Ortholitha cervinata. C.—The larvae.—C. Q. Parsons, (Capt.), ‘‘ Alma Marceau,” Seaway Lane, Torquay. AGRoTIS sIMULANS IN Berxsarry.—I find no mention of this species occurring in Berks. in South’s Moths of the British Isles, Series IJ. Dr. J. C. Rohan kindly gave mea single specimen which came to his electric light at Cholsey near Wallineford this summer.— G. S. Roperrson, M.D., Storrington, Sussex. Menanic var. or Carpocarsa JuLIANA,—A melanic specimen was bred from acorns gathered in Dulwich Wood, 8.1i. London, amonest several of the type, none of which were darker than normal.—Ip. Mieration oF Insrcts.—The Western Morning News of 27th November contains a long and very full record of the occurrence of rare butterflies and moths in the West of England in the year 1933 by Commander 8. T. Stidston of Ashburton. It includes details of spread of Polygonia c-album in the West, more than 80 were seen as late as 15th Sept.; the repeated noting of Pyramets cardui at the lighthouses ; records of P. atalanta on 21st of Feb. and an immigration from the sea on 11th of March; Colias croceus as very plentiful; CO. hyale ; Manduca atropos as plentiful in some places ; numerous examples of Herse convolvuli; a Phryxus livornica; while Plusia gamma and Macroglossum stellatarwum were in less numbers than usual. The most notable record perhaps, was the capture of dAnosia plevippus once more in this country. Our correspondent Mr. C. Nicholson of Tresillian contributes a report on Cornwall, which includes numerous records of the occurrence of A. plexippus (seen); the abnormal number of Pieris brassicae in ~ Cornwall ; records of most species mentioned in the previous report ; and the occurrence of Leucania vitellina, L. l-album, and Laphyma (Caradrina) exiqgua. GXYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT. NOTICKS. A meeting of the Entomological Club was held at the Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall, London, on 31st October, 19838, Mr. H. Willoughby-Ellis in the Chair. Members present in addition to the Chairman :—Mr. Robert Adkin, Mr. H. Donisthorpe, Prof. HK. B. Poulton, Mr. Jas. EK. Collin, Dr. H. Hltringham, Mr. W. J. Kaye. Visitors present:—Mr. H. EH. Andrewes, Major EK. EH. Austen, Dr. CURRENT NOTES. 11 K. G. Blair, Dr. Maleolm Burr, Prof. G. D. Hale Carpenter, Mr. H. M. Kdelsten, Brig. W. H. Evans, Mr. J..C. F. Fryer, Sir Guy A. K. Marshall, Dr. S. A. Neave, Capt. N. D. Riley, Dr. Hugh Scott, Mr. W. Rait Smith, Mr. W. H. T. Tams, Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright. ‘I'he members were received by the Chairman in the Card Room at 6.30 p.m., and during the Conversazione Prof. Poulton exhibited specimens of two Acridians from the South of France—Oedipoda germanica, Charp., taken by Mr. J. A. Simes on a country of grey rock, and O. coerulescens, L. taken by him on red porphyry. The colour and pattern exposed at rest bore a remarkable resemblance to the environment of each species. Dinner was served at 8 o'clock on the historic round table in the Parliamentary Library, and an enjoyable evening was spent. The party broke up shortly after 11 o’clock.— H.W.-E. Lambillionea continues to issue the admirable photographs of aberrations and forms of European Lepidoptera Among the species illustrated during the first half of the current year are Diacrisia sannio 2; Melitaea athalia 6 ; Colias electo-croceus-fieldit 18 ; Limenitis popult 2; Brenthis dial; B.ino2; B: pales1; B. selene3; B.euphrosyne 1 ; Pyrameis atalanta 4; Melanargia galathea 8; Epinephele jurtina 1 ; Satyrus briseis 1; and Diloba caeruleocephala 1. The matter contained in this magazine is concerned with items so closely connected with this country that most of it personally appeals to British lepidopterists. The series of plates issued monthly during the past few years are an acquisition to students interested in variation. The Nominations for the Council of the Royal Entomological Society are as follow— President, Dr. S. A. Neave, M.A. Treasurer, A. F. Hemming. Secretary, *A. W. McKenny-Hughes. Council, | Prof. Balfour-Browne; Sir T. Hudson Beare, D.Sce.; *Prof. G. D. Hale Carpenter ; *L. Collenette; Brigadier W. H. Evans; Dr. Karl Jordan, F.R.S.; R. W. Lloyd; Miss C. Longfield; Sir Guy A. K. Marshalli sh sRiSs: rot. ke Be Poulton’ pMeAG. | RRS. 3) Ne Ds ileye HEA) Soe Wei. jthorpe, MEAS oN uBalWiceleswortn. ) Mi vAN 3) Dr: C. B. Williams! M.A. Those marked with an asterisk are new members of Council. The Trans. Carlisle. N.H.S. Vol. V. referred to a short time ago has reached us and is quite as interesting as we anticipated. In fact the Short History of the Society is an admirable record of the progress in usefulness, in a peculiar locality of particular interest in the comparison of its fauna with that of other areas. The Officers and Council of the South London Entomological Society nominated for the ensuing year are:—FPresident: T. R. Kagles ; Vice- Presidents: C. G. M. de Worms, M.A., F.C.S., F.R.E.S., ete., and H. H. Syms, F.R.E.S.; Hon. Treasurer: A. EK. Tonge, F.R.E.S. ; Hon. Labravian: KH. EK. Syms, F.R.E.S.; Hon. Curator: 8. R. Ashby, P.R.E.S.; Hon. Secretaries: S. N. A. Jacobs, and Hy. J. Turner, P.R.E.S.; Hon. Lanternist: J. AH. Adkin ; Hon. Editor of Proceedings : jal, dig Abaco, Ie! Sisr, Wolelals, = Conmciie ale We Unless F.R.E.S., C. N. Hawkins, F.R.E.S., M. Niblett, S. Wakely, T. H. L. Grosvenor, F.R.E.S., R. W. Attwood, F. J. Coulson, H. G. Denvil, P. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, M.Sc., F.R.E.S., ete. and J. A. Downes. The Annual Meeting takes place on January 25th when the retiring President, Mr. C. G. M. de Worms will read the Annual Address after the Presentation of the Council’s Report of the year’s doings. 12 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.1.19384 The Syllabus of the London N.H.S. just to hand, for the ensuing six months, announces four indoor meetings and two field meetings of the Entomological Section and in addition two indoor meetings and five field meetings to be spent in the study of plant galls. The remaining fixtures deal with Botany, Archaeology, Rambles and Ornithology. FREVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. No 4. of Vol. I of the Jownal of the Entomological Society of the 8. of England recently came to hand. It consists of some 46 Notes of varying length by 22 writers in 386 pp. with one plate. 16 Notes are concerned with Diptera and 15 with Lepidoptera. The remainder deal with biological items and the records of occurrence of species in the less known and less worked Orders, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hphemerop- tera, Neuroptera, T'richoptera, etc. Many of the items would, if published in our magazines for which they are eminently suitable, certainly have a more distributed circulation, and be more useful and more readily referred to by working entomologists in all parts of the country. This leads us to another point. Among the splendid work being achieved by the trained and well experienced entomologists of the Society what is being done for the “tyros” as Stainton called the younger inexperienced followers of the net and pin? ‘There seems little educational work such as has been carried out for over 60 years by that wonderfully successful and popular body the South London Entomological and N. H. Society ; at any rate we have no record of the ‘“‘tvro”’ nor do we hear of him. It is upon the enthusiasm of the younger men and their continued support of the Society that the future can be assured. Inrormation Wanrep.—The Notes on the Noctuae will shortly deal with the species which have been kept together under the genus name Caradrina. These species are so similarly obscure, that is the five which are found in Britain, that most entomologists find considerable difficulty in distinguishing one species from the other. Guenée said of this group ‘‘ It is composed almost entirely of Kuropean species, of which the greater part have been very long, I should say, too long, known, for there exists such a confusion that their synonymy is almost inextricable. The Kneglish authors have increased this difficulty by creating a crowd of species, so badly characterised that I have not been able to classify them even as constant varieties.” Noct. V. 285 (1852). Included in the Caradrinidae so called in Tutt’s time were Grammesia trigrammica, so long known as trilinea, the ‘‘ excessively rare” Hydrilla palustris ; the extremely local Acosmetia caliginosa and the very rare with us, cosmopolitan “ army worm’’ Laphyma exigua. The first has been almost drowned with varietal names, of the other four one would be pleased to know something of the variation. Caradrina superstes was included by Tutt in his British Noctuae on the strength of Sligo specimens he judged to be that species, but subsequent examination of their genitalia has nullified this,—- Hy. J. Turner. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send ws communications iDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS.’ Articles that require Innusrrarions are inserted on condition that the AurHor defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. hey should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘*‘ Latemar,’”’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. ; Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.— R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D.caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Excuanars.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles. —C. Zacher’? Erjwit, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Iiittoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of European and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.— All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—living larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa querctis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, griseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, ete.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Urncrent.—Wanted English (Cumberland) Erebia epiphron. Adequate exchange will be made in Huropean Lepidoptera. B. C. S. Warren, 14, Avenue de l’Eglise Anglaise, Lausanne, Switzerland. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojffner, Trawtenau (Bezirksbehorde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8 p.m. January 17th (Ann.), February 7th. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. January 25th (Ann.), February 8th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘‘ Ditchling,”’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/8. All communications to be addressed to :— WM. GRAVY FORD, B-A., FF R/E:S. ZS) talon, seey: ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. M. Crawford, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, W. Parkinson-Curtis, Rev. Canon Foster, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rev. G. Wheeler, Rev. HE. B. Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. 8. Robertson, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, ‘¢ Tatemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. iMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus dAcronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of MWelitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Pauper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Hetrospeet of a Lepidopterist for 1890—Mifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hispidus— Captures at lighi—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., ete., 360 pp. GONTENTS OF VOL. II. Menanism anD Metanocnroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on VaRiATIon (many)—How to breed Agrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taeniocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphtdasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, 8. London—Generic nomen- clature and the Acronyctidaec—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyvemna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. HE. PAGE, 9, Yanburgh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. Wo. rn FEBRUARY, 1934 Yb ENTOMOLOGISTS. RECORD AnD 2! JOURNAL OF VARIATION Epirep R. S. BAGNALL, D.SC., F-R.E.S. H. DonisTHORPE, F.Z.S., F.R.U.8. Fath the Matcoum Burr, D.S8C., F.R-E.S. T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, BR.N., F.1.S., Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, ¥.B..S. ¥.Z.8., F.R.E.S. assistance of -H- A. Cockaynn, A.M., D.M., F.R.E-S., H. E. Paan, ¥F.R.E.8. F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. J. EK. Con.in, J.P., ¥.R.E.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R-E.8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. BerHune-BakER, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. By Henry J. TURNER, F.R.£.8., F.B.H.8., Editorial Secretary. CONTENTS Lepidoptera at Maurin, Basses-Alpes, France, W. Parkinson Curtis, F.R.E.S. (continued) Sc oc oc oe bin AG ac 13 The Geometers of Storrington, W. Sussex, G. S. Robertson, MaDe ss 15 Cornish Notes, 1923, Charles Nicholson Ae ae <o ae a 17 Collecting Butterflies in Orissa, India, W. M. Crawford, F.R.E.S. (cont.) 20 Notes on Connectine.—Phryxus livornica, G. H. Harris, M.D. .. ae 21 Current Notes .. ae oo ef ae sc 55 Be s 42 Nomenclature se He 28 ac oe ere se 56 ais 24 SuppLeMENnts.—British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (313)-(316) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (1)-(4) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free Be TEN SHILLINGS. - to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., = 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.E.9. SSS This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). e Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.”’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. No. 126 TELEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET J. J. HILL & SON, aEtetstnets Have fas disposal Re=conditioned Second-hand Mahogany insect Gabinets; also Gheap Storage Gabinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WittEspren 0309. THE VASCULUM A quarterly journal of Natural History, ete., chiefly for the Northern Counties HDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. VW. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R-S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. WW. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual! subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM CARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. AN IMPORTANT NEW WORK BEES, WASPS, ANTS, AND ALLIED INSEGTS OF THE BRITISH ISLES EDWARD STEP, F.L.S. With 44 Plates in Colour showing 470 figures, and 67 half-tone Plates showing 170 photographie reproductions. Prospectus available Price 10/6 net. FREDERICK WARNE & CO. LTD. Chandos House, Bedford Court, London, W.C.2. “ENTOMOLOGIST’S REGORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. ss Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, 1s. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kunneru J. Haywarp, F.R.E.S. 1s. 3d. Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) ae so Ge Wil, British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. Anprews, F.R.E.S. 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37-45 of Ent. Record, new series ; including ‘Special Index . Ae oC Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be Suinieee post free Se H. W. pes 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.H.9. LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 13 LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, FRANCE. (Addenda) By W. PARKINSON CURTIS, F.R.E.S. Colours are by reference to ‘“‘ Ridgway Color Standards,” Melitaea phoebe, Knoch. ab. deleta, Verity. A fine § captured by W. P. C. in a meadow on the banks of the River Ubaye immediately below Point de la Font Sancté. Hxpanse 47 mm. I should incline to refer this specimen to ab. deleta, Verity, Hnt. Rec. XX XI. p. 184 (1919)*. It is true that Dr. Verity calls this a form, but it is fairly obvious from the context that it is a colour variation of a class that most of us call an aberration. It is also true that Dr. Verity named deleta from specimens of the race tusca, Verity. I have a list of 74 names conferred on this species and seeing that I hold the opinion that aberrations, if named at all, should only have a class name and that that class name should be applied to every variation of that class no matter from what species derived, I see no point in adding another name to the burden this unfortunate species carries. Whilst on the subject of names I observe with regret that caucasica, Stder. has been changed to caucasicola, Vrty. and alatanica, Wagner, to wagneri, Wnukowsky, the sole ground being that these highly signi- ficant and appropriate names have also been used for the parallel races of other species. } Why not a rule that every race of every species should bear the name of its headquarters so that the names should be informing: the present system of fancy names has no defensible logical basis. I am also unable to see the sense of a separate name for each brood: why not phoebe gen. I., phoebe gen. Il. and phoebe gen. ILI. or at most phoebe vernalis, phoebe aestivalis, phoebe autumnalis, although the numerical method is the better since some species have their second brood in the summer and some in the autumn? It is a little difficult to say what race my aberration belongs to; Captain A. F. Hemming, who examined my specimen and confirmed my determination, expressed the view that the phoebe of the Barcelonette region had a strong tendency to go light in the markings. The specimens that I got at Maurin are some quite typical, others are alternans, Seitz, others cinaiodes, Muschamp, some possibly might be referable to galliaemontium, Vrty. and Dr. Verity himself l.c p. 182 admits that the races do not form groups corresponding to their distribution. Upper Surrace.—Forewing. Ground colour almost uniform of a tone halfway between Orange-rufous and Xanthine-orange. The white costal edge which is usually so slightly developed is very marked and continuous from ‘close to the base right round to the terminal cilia: the space between the subcostal and the costa but slightly marked with dark scales: the basal black marks normal as * sterlineata, Turati, XXIV. Nat. Sic. 1919, p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 12. + We quite agree with these remarks on these senseless lepidopterological gymnastics.—Hy.J.T., G.W. and H.A.C. 14 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1984 are the two, one in the cell, and one above vein 1, that form the median band; discoidal, reniform, rather small, rather lightly outlined : postmedial series of spots almost absent, the usual large quadrate spot of the series above vein 1, represented by a small lunule, the next above by about four dark scales those above three and four just indicated. The next series distally is a little more in evidence being moderately well developed, costally and dorsally but evanescent between 3 and 6, even so it is but a shadow of its usual self: the sub- marginal series is obsolescent, the spot above 1 is absent, the next two are fairly well marked, the rest of the series is linear with the slightest thickening on the nervures: between the submarginal series and the submarginal arcuate marks the wing is Xanthine-orange the marginal lunules or arcuate marks are well developed and solid divided from the marginal line by a fairly well indicated line of white scales which are best marked between 3 and 4 and 6 and the apex; cilia very strongly marked black and white. Hindwing ground-colour as in forewing but with the Xanthine-orange better developed between the cell and the second row of spots and between the submarginal row and the marginal lunulate markings rendering the wing a little less level in colour than the forewing; the basal and cellular dark marks are nearly normal but the first row of spots distad the cell is drawn out distally in little pear-shaped excrescences, these little excrescences being in fact all there ig left of the second row of spots; the third row is about normal for width, but the dark scaling is reduced by about 50% so that the row is rather nebulous, the submarginal row represents the same condition in an even more pronounced degree; marginal lunules well-developed and solid separated from the well-developed marginal line by a strong semation of xanthine scales; cilia very pure white and very shining. This whiteness is positive and not merely a matter of contrast, it is much more pronounced than in any other of my specimens either from Digne, Maurin, or Portugal. Unper Surrace.—Forewing. Xanthine-orange; costa strongly Citron-yellow (pl. XVI.) markings in and below cell and the discoidal normal ; ‘postmedial series absent save for black points above 4, 5, 6, and 10 those in cellules 4, 5, and 6 being placed on elongate Citron- yellow marks; the next series is indicated by a small spot above 1 and two lunules above 5 and 6. The space distad the position usually occupied by this row is almost wholly Citron-yellow ; the submarginal series is represented by a single small lunule above 2; marginal lunules finely marked; marginal line very discontinuous; cilia white chequered on the nervures which last are only very slightly marked with dark scales here and there. Hindwing ground Citron-yellow; usually the space between the first set of black marks and the base of the wing is Pyrine-yellow, but in this specimen it is uniform with the rest of the ground ; cellule one is entirely Pyrine-yellow and of the three black marks usually found therein only the centre one is present ; cellule 1a bas the basal third Xanthine-orange, there is a black spot at the base which is connected by a fine black line running below vein 1b with the indication of the usual double postmedial series; the extreme base of cellule 10 is Pyrine-yellow, then follows a strongly marked black spot, this is arcuate filling the angle where vein 2 rises and enclosing a conspicuous spot of the ground, this black mark continues outward till it joins the GEOMETERS OF STORRINGTON, W. SUSSEX. 15 double post-medial series, in so doing enclosing a spot of Xanthine- orange, but being separated from vein 2 by the ground colour; the cell has a tiny spot of Pyrine-yellow at the base, this is followed by a solid black blotch then by a patch of Xanthine-orange and the cell is closed by a solid black blotch with no central pale mark as is usual; cellule 2 has a small patch of Xanthine-yellow at the base followed by a tiny black mark; cellules, 8, 4, 5, and 6 have small black marks at the base, that in 4 being separated from the cell by aspot of Xanthine- yellow ; cellule 7 has a basal black spot followed by an area of citron- yellow which encloses another black spot and is distally bounded by the normal first black spot the whole being connected by a fine black line running under vein 8, this is followed by a patch of Xanthine- orange and then by a black line; cellule 8 contains four black marks of which one, the outermost, has a tiny black mark in cellule 7 below it. It will,thus be seen that the usual post-medial double line has the proximal part but little developed and the distal member almost wholly obsolete. In normal phoebe the sub-marginal decoration consists of a series of fulvous marks which are placed on spots of Ochreous-yellow being bounded proximally by a double line of dark arches one set directed basad and the other distad, the crowns of the arches being in contact ; distally bounded by another line composed of a series of dark arches directed distad, the springing of the arches almost resting on the marginal lunules; of this design there is hardly a trace above vein 7; the internal arched line is reduced to a blur of dark scales along the proximal edge of the set directed distad which set is very narrowly developed. The Xanthine-orange spots are placed on a Light-cadmium eround which is a little restricted in area and the external set of arches is so reduced that it is only traceable in cellules 8, 4, and 6; the marginal lunules are well developed as are the inarginal spots at the ends of the nervures, but the black terminal line is very broken, the cilia are very brilliantly white. This gives the hindwing a general appearance of having a fulvous base with a slight internal dark edging followed by pale marginal band with small dark lunules; an entirely different impression to that produced on the eye by » normal underside ; in fact the appearance is reminiscent of a pale Biblia. Specimen No. 23052 in mus. Curtis. (To be continued) The Geometers of Storrington, W. Sussex. By G. S. ROBERTSON, M.D. [The names in this paper have been corrected to the original prior names as published in this magazine in 1925-6 as a Supplement on the basis of L. B. Prout’s work in Seitz Palaearctic Geometers.—H.J.T.] The District includes about five miles in any direction from Storrington on the North side of the South Downs. As Mr. A. J. Wightman has furnished lists and notes on the Butterflies and Noctuae of the Pulborough District, which nearly coincides with this area, | propose commencing with the Gevmetrinae, and hope to include the others in later numbers, with a few of the ‘“‘Micros.”” Most of my collecting has, of necessity, had to be done alone, very few collectors living in the area; hence many common 16 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.11.1934 species have to be omitted, which probably are here, and others, which I have found scarce, may be common if properly worked in suitable spots. Pseudoterpna pruinata: locally common on heaths. Hipparchus papilionaria: generally distributed ; some years locally very common. Hemistola chrysoprasaria (vernaria): on the downs. Comibaena pustulata: scarce, local. Jodis lactearia: common. Hemithea aestivaria (strigata): common. Ptychopoda sylvestraria (straminata): scarce on heaths. P. fuscovenosa (interjectaria): £. common. TL. subsericeata: local, scarce. P.aversata: abundant, banded form scarce. P. biselata: common. P, dimidiata: common. P. trigeminata: scarce. Acidalia virgulata: common. A. ornata: on downs. A. floslactata (remutata) : very common in woods. A. marginepunctata: ondowns. 4. inritaria: locally common. P. emarginata: very local, but fairly common. Calothysanis amata: generally common. Cosymbia porata: scarce. O. punetaria: scarce. C. linearia: not common. C. annilata: not common. C. pendularia: very common. Ortholitha clavaria (cervinata): generally distributed, common locally. O. chenopodiata (limitata): abundant. 0. bipunctaria: very common on downs. Odezia atrata: local. Anaitis plagiata and A. efformata: both occur. Chesias legatella (spartiata) : generally distributed, f. common. Nethop- terya polycommata: y. local, but common in one spot. N. carpinata : not common. Acasis viretata: not common. Lobophora halterata : locally common. Operophtera brumata: abundant everywhere. 0. fagata (boreata) ; locally abundant in birch woods, slight variation. Triphosa dubitata: fairly common, generally distributed. Philereme transversata (rhamnata): local. Huphyia silaceata: well distributed, f. common.; ab. insulata is the usual form. Lygris testata : v. cominon. L. pyraliata: very common. Cidaria fulvata: local and scarce. C. corylata: fairly common, (. truncata: common, ab. comma-notata and dark forms occur. C. citrata (immanata): common. C. miata: not common, Thera obeliscata: c¢. in pie woods. Lampropterya suffumata : local, not common. C. unidentaria: c.ev. C. ferrugata: c.ev. C. designata: common. Calostigia pectinitaria (viridaria) ; usually abundant. C. multistrigaria : local. C. didymata : c. generally distributed. Oporinia dilutata: pale and dark forms are both common. Xanthorhoé montanata: abt. X. fluctuata: abt. Epirrhoé galiata: common on downs. LH. rivata: local. EH. alternata (sociata): abt. Euphyia unangulata : scarce, well distributed. Cidaria bicolorata : fairly common. Melanthia procellata: fairly common on downs. Perizoma affinitata: very common. P. alchemillata : common locally. P. flavofasciata (decolorata) : Common, well distributed. P. bifasciata : common as larvae, a few imagines come to light. Huphyia bilineata : abt. Hydriomena furcata (sordidata): common, variable. H. coeruleata (impluviata) : not common, Harophila badiata: v. common. Coenotephria derivata (nigrofasciaria) ; f. common. Huchoeca nebulata (obliterata): not common. Asthena albulata (candidata): abt. Hydrelia flammeolaria (luteata) : scarce. (To be continued.) CORNISH NOTES, j 17 Cornish Notes, 1933. By CHARLES NICHOLSON. Last year will long be remembered for its unusual spell of hot dry weather, the disastrous effects of which on the water supply of many parts of the country are still in evidence in dried up wells and springs and abnormal lowness of reservoirs and rivers. Even Cornwall has not escaped altogether and the recent rains have not been copious enough to go very far towards making up the deficiency of from 9 to 12 inches in different parts of the county on an average total of about 45 inches. The sunshine record is wel) up and is the highest on record, but here again there is some variation in locality. Popular belief regards hot sunny weather as favourable to insect life and, of course, it is, provided there are suitable cool rainy spells to break the monotony at frequent intervals. But in 1933 there was too much of the hot sun and not enough of the cool rain to bring about the best conditions for insects in general and other wild life, and hereabouts at any rate birds found the conditions very trying on account of the comparative scarcity of insects and other small creatures, such as worms, slugs, snails, etc. It will be very interesting if readers will send notes about other districts so that comparisons may be made between different parts of the country. The first item of interest in my diary for 1983 is the observation of a ‘queen’ of Bombus terrestris sucking nectar from flowers of a small arbutus bush in the garden at 3.80 p.m. on 6th January. The prevailing winds about that date were westerly and several of the days were sunny with temperatures in the late forties and early fifties at mid-day. The arbutus naturally flowers over a long period from autumn to spring and this same bush is well out now with a fair number of more or less ripe fruits showing, although it is only 4 feet in height. The bee must have been roused from hibernation by the mild spell and it is to be hoped that she got back into a snug retreat early in the evening, for there was a frost that night that might have been too much for her. When these winter sleepers are disturbed in this way it is very often fatal to them unless, as in this case, they can find nourishment to compensate for their untimely activity. ‘‘Queen’’ wasps, for instance, usually succumb, and I believe hibernating butterflies also.* March saw Gonepterya rhamni on the wing, males being seen in the garden on several dates in that month, April and May ; and I was gratified to find one nearly fullfed larva and traces of others on young buckthorns (Kh. catharticus) in the garden in July but none on the two R. frangula. The former species does not occur in Cornwall, but the latter is sparingly distributed, and scarce about here. It follows, therefore, that all the rhawnt hereabouts have fed up entirely on frangula, (as catharticus is not cultivated as a rule and probably my nine seedlings are the only ones in the county), so the females were evidently attracted by the strange (to them) species _* Since writing the above paragraph I find that all the arbutus fruits have disappeared—probably eaten by birds or mice during the cold spell in mid-December. These fruits were, of course, the result of the 1931 flowers, the arbutus being one of those shrubs that bear this year’s flowers and last year’s fruits at the same time.—C.N. 18 ENTOMOLOGIST’S REOORD. 15.11.1934 rather than to the other with which they were familiar! I saw no females in the spring, but one was seen in the garden on the 24th and again on the 25th August, probably the same specimen. The three common ‘‘ Whites” were in about normal numbers in the spring, but brassicae and rapae were abundant in the second brood, whilst napi was scarce, and I saw nothing that I could consider a third brood of any of them. In the west of Cornwall brassicae larvae amounted to a plague, and whole fields of broccoli and other cabbages were eaten to rags in some places. There is no doubt whatever that 1933 was a “Clouded Yellow Year” in the S.W. of England. Colias croceus was everywhere, though not in phenomenal numbers anywhere, so far as I have been able to gather. Here we have seen an odd specimen or two nearly every year since we came in September 1928, but last year we saw one or two at least every other day on an average in the garden, and wherever I went I saw one or more in other localities including one in the middle of Truro city on 15th Sept. The greatest number seen in one day in the garden was 5, but as I did not catch them I cannot say, of course, how many of these and the others we saw were different individuals, The first | saw (2) were on Goonhilley Downs, Lizard, on lst August; on 28rd October, a male and a female were in the garden and I boxed this female and confined her in a glass cylinder over a pot of white clover for eggs, but the weather thereafter was very unpropitious, both in temperature and sunshine, and although I fed her with honey water and she lived for nearly a fortnight I saw no eges. The last specimen seen in the garden was on 16th Nov. which seems very late for this species. One var. helice on 23rd September passed within a yard of me in the garden. I may add that a few croceus were seen on Round Island, Scilly, by the lighthouse keeper on 23rd September and scores during the first fortnight of October, which suggests a late brood. Ihave not seen or heard of C. hyale having been seen in the county. Aglais urticae has been commoner than in recent years, but not quite so common as in 1932. I saw it first at Ladock on 27th March, near Tresillian village on 15th May and in the garden on 20th June. Others were seen on odd dates at different places in July and August, but in September it was seen on every suitable day in the garden on the flowers of Mupatorium weinmannianum, a South American evergreen shrubby relative of our hemp agrimony and equally attractive to insects. Neither Vanessa io, nor Pyramets atalanta, nor P. cardui, has been as common as in 1982, but all of them have been in evidence on the Hupatorium, or elsewhere in the garden, and I saw two cardui on sunflowers (‘ Miss Mellish ’’) in a neigbbour’s garden on 12th October. I have never seen atalanta on these small perennial sunflowers, but it used to be very fond of the big annual ones in our Hale End garden in S.W. Essex. The first 7o was seen on 27th March and not again until 24th July ; the first cardwi on the latter date and not again until 5th Sept. Atalanta was first seen on 28th May in the garden and this was worn. On 4th June my wife called my attention to 6 specimens that were flying about around our Buddleia globosa and Olearia stellulata. These specimens were rather worn and chipped and were frisking about on and off the flowers, and frequently going around in pairs in the courting flight, then separating and settling again on the flowers. CORNISH NOTES, 1933. 19 All were invisible next day and subsequently and I have no doubt that these 6 and probably the odd one on 28th May were part of an immigrant swarm that was passing through this district. I saw another very worn one at St. Ewe on 24th July and a fine and obviously freshly emerged one on Goonhilley Downs on 1st August after which date fresh ones were seen at Tresillian and elsewhere. A correspondent, Dr. Hankin, reported that in his garden at Newquay he saw about 20 on veronica on 19th Sept. ‘‘ arrived since yesterday ” and the Round Island lighthouse keeper reported that scores were seen there between 8th and 12th Sept. and hundreds during the first fortnight of October, all in fine condition and seemed to be going chiefly south. ‘‘ Since about 16th Oct. they all seem to have gone.” P. cardui. A few were seen on Round Island between 8th and 12th Sept., and Dr. Hankin saw about a score on veronica (with the atalanta as above reported) on 19th Sept. “arrived during the last few days’’; but during the first fortnight of Oct. hundreds were seen on Round Island (with the atalanta as above) going chiefly south. If these atalanta and cardwi really left this country, then they must have gone on to the N.W. of Spain if they continued south, as there is no land between. Rumicia phlaeas, usually scarce here, has been fairly common especially in this garden, where it has shown great partiality for the Kupatoriun flowers, on which there were actually 4 specimens at once on 29th Sept. J put many out of the verandah also during that month. First seen near ‘l'resillian Village on 15th Mar.; last in garden 17th Oct. Pararye megera has been commoner than usually hereabouts and I have put specimens out of the verandah frequently and several times a day. Soy convolvuli. Not at all frequent this year, but a fine male was seen fluttering under the verandah roof on 6th Sept. and put to rest on one of the posts, where it remained until it flew off in the evening. Macroglossum stellatarum. Dozens seen by the Round Island lightkeeper on 15th May and undoubtedly part of an immigration. One in the garden here on 22nd May and another on 13th June. I also saw one visiting rhododendron flowers on 4th June, but the most interesting observations were two specimens in perfectly fresh condition in our verandah on 9th Aug. (9.20 p.m.) and 10th Aug. (8.20 p.m.) respectively. This is surely unusually late in the day for this species even during “Summer Time.” Previous to this I have not seen it on the wing later than about 5 in the afternoon, flying over heather near Wendron in this county. Plusia gamma has not been much in evidence in the county in 1933 from all accounts. First’seen here on 4th June, next on 12th Sept. and a few on other days during that month and Oct., the last on the 28rd. Nomophila noctuella. First seen 4th June (rather worn) in garden ; several at St. Hwe (very worn) on 24th July. A perfectly fresh one in the verandah on 12th Sept., and two other fine specimens in the garden on 13th and 15th Sept. respectively. Undoubtedly the feature of 1933 was the number of specimens (29) of Danaus plexippus reported, as seen or captured in these islands. Of 20 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.11.1934 these Cornwall claims 7, although it is not at all certain that all the records refer to different individuals, as may be suspected by the dates and localities:—Penhale Pt., midway between Perrenporth and Newquay 9th Sept. Bude 12th September, female, taken. Lizard Head 20th Sept. also 27th and 29th Sept., probably the same individual in all three cases, or at any rate the last two. St. Mawes Ist Oct. Ruan Minor, near Lizard 15th Oct. on veronica blossom. I have what I believe to be a complete list of the records of the occurrence of this fine butterfly in the British Isles from 1876 to the present time, and the total of records is now 78. The fact that an overwhelming majority of the specimens were seen at or near coast towns suggests the probability of their having been brought over from America by trading and other vessels, perhaps in their potato lockers (see Hntomologist, 1921, p. 145); but as most of the specimens were seen in the southern counties it is possible that some of them found their way here from the Azores or Canary Islands. That any number of them came across the Atlantic on their own wings alone is highly improbable, and the scarcity of records from Ireland, and entire absence of any from Scotland, seems to show that even if such an occurrence were possible, it cannot have been frequent. Collecting Butterflies in Orissa (Bihar and Orissa), India. By W. M. CRAWFORD, F.R.E.S. 54. Hriboea athamas, Dry. ssp. ayrarius, Swinh.—Common, those with one and those with two pale pre-apical spots on forewing being of about equal frequency. 8S. 55. EH. eudamippus, Dbldy.—A single specimen (male) was given me by a friend, who had caught it on Meghasiniin April. The forewing cell is almost wholly black, so that the specimen approaches niyrobasalis, Lathy, from North Burma. N. 56. Apatura parisatis, Wstwd. parisatis.—Also from Meghasini in April, N. 57. Huripus consimilis, Wstwd. ssp. meridionalis, W.-M.—A single male from Mourbhanj State, caught by my collector in October. S. 58. Diagora persimilis, Wstwd. persimilis.—Only one male from Meghasini mountain, smaller in size than my Himalayan specimens. I managed to net a second one, but it unfortunately escaped. N. 59. Huthalia lepidea, Btlr. ssp. miyana, Yruh.—Rare, but 1 got one female in Sambalpur and one male and one female in Mourbhanj. 8. 60. H. garuda, My. ssp. anagama, Fruh.—Fairly common. N. 61. HH. lubentina, Cr. ssp. indica, Fruh.—Males very common, but females rare. N. 62. HH. nats, Forst.—Common, more especially on jungle paths. 63. Limenitis procris, Cr. procris—Rather uncommon. N. 64. Pantoporia selenophora, Koll. ssp. kanara, Kvans.—A single female obtained from Mourbhanj. S. 65. P. perius, L.—Common. 66. Neptis columella, Cr. ssp. ophiana, Mr.—Only three specimens caught. N. 67. N. jumbah, Mr. jumbah.—Two (male and female) from Mour- bhanj State. NOTES ON COLLECTING. a1 68. N. hylas, L., varmona, Mr.—Very common. 69. N. nandina, Mr., ssp. hampsoni, Mr.—Caught several in Sambalpur. S. 70. N. hordonia, Stoll. hordonia.—Found in Sambalpur and many of the Native States, but not commonly. 71. Cyrestis thyodamas, Bdv., thyodamas.—A few got in Mourbhanj State and also saw some on Mailagiri mountain in Pal Lahara State. N. 72. Hypolimnas misippus, L.—Common. I got, in Sambalpur, two of the ‘“‘ very rare’’ 9 form inaria, Cr. 73. HH. boiina, L.—Very common. ‘There is a wide variation especially in the males. I have specimens with the discal spots on the upperside quite white with but little blue round the edges and the underside bands also very broad white, and I have another male with the upperside spots wholly blue without any speck of white and the underside almost uniformly brown. ‘There are endless variations between these two extremes. 74. Kallima inachus, Bdv. inachus.—I obtained several in Mourbhanj State. N. 75.- Precis hierta, Fb. hiertaa—Common. S&S. 76. P. orithya, Li. ssp. swinhoet, Butlr.—Also common. S&S. 77. P. lemonias, Li. ssp. vaisya, Fruh.—Very common. I have a specimen of dry season form quite rosy below. S. 78. P.almana, Li, almana.—Very common in both wet and dry season forms. 79. P. atlites, L.—Uncommon. 80. P. iphita, Cr. ssp. pluviatalis, Fruh.—A few caught, both of wet and dry season forms. S. . 81. Vanessa cardui, L.—Obtained nine specimens (1 in November, 4 in December, 3 in February and 1 in March.) 82. Symbrenthia hippoclus, Hb. ssp. khasiana, Mr.—One caught on Meghasini in June and others seen. 83. Atella phalanta, Drury.—Very common. 84. Issoria sinha, Koll. sinha.—Caught three in June on Meghasini and three more were sent to me by a friend from the same place. N. 85. Hrgolis ariadne, L. ssp. indica, Mr.—Common. S. 86. HE merione, Cr. ssp. tapestrina, Mr.—Common. N. 87. Telchinia violae, Fab.—Very common. Hrycinipasg. 88. Libythea myrrha, Godt. ssp. carma, Fruh.—A single specimen caught on Meghasini in May. S. 89. Abisara echerins, Stoll. ssp. suffusa, Mr.—Fairly common. N. (To be continued.) TOTES ON COLLECTING, ete. Puryxus tivornica.—A male specimen of this moth was caught on Southampton Common on 10th Nov., 1988, and brought to me in excellent condition.—H. G. Harris (M.D.), Southampton. 22, ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.11.1934 G;URRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES. We wish to acknowledge a rather unusually large number of communications for publication including (1) Remarks on the Noctuae observed during 1933 in the Pulborough district by Mr. Wightman. (2) The completion of the article on Maurin in the French Alps by Mr. Parkinson-Curtis, illustrated by eight plates. (8) List of captures with short notes around Storrington, Sussex, by Dr. G. Robertson. (4) The conclusion of the Notes on the Rhopalocera obtained around Orissa, India, by Mr. W. M. Crawford. (5) Collecting in Donegal, Ireland, by Canon G. Foster. (6) It is hoped to conclude the Revision of the 1st volume of Tutt’s British Noctuae by the end of the year. (7) A study of the Rhopalocera of the Rhone Valley, a summary of the observations of the many workers who have stayed in this Alpine region, by Dr. Roger Verity (as a Supplement). (8) Signor Querci will probably send us further notes on the various broods of Pieris rapae. (9) An account of his visit in search of Lepidoptera to Jaca, Spain, by Mr. Wm. Fassnidge. (10) Descriptions of the aberrations of British Lepidoptera which have been recorded in Holland but have not yet been noted in the British Isles, by Herr B. J. Lempke. (11) Description of Paraneuroptera from Peru by Mr. W. D. Hincks. (12) Further interesting Notes from Cornwall by Mr. Nicholson. (13) Descriptions of the Larvae of Indian Rhopalocera by Dr. D. V. Sevastopulo. (14) Occasional Notes on Lepidoptera in Sussex and Ireland by Mr. Bonaparte-Wyse. (15) An Account of the Rhopalocera of the Cottian Alps and Turin in June-July, 1983, by Rev. E. B. Ashby. (16) Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher will probably send us a series of Notes on the Micro-lepidoptera of the West Country centred around Stroud, Glos. (17) A further list of captures made at Salonika by Dr. G. Robertson. (18) An Account of Unusual Captures at Hawthorn and other blossoms, by Mr. H. Donisthorpe. (19) Mr. Siviter-Smith will send us his Collecting Notes. (20) There will be Reviews of new books and notes on the more or less current magazines. (21) Mr. Donisthorpe’s Notes on Ants and their associates will be continued as well as the progress of his investigation of the old oak Forest of Windsor. May we ask all those who have notes of current interest to send them on for our ‘Current Notes’ columns. But above all we urge our readers to add to the list of subscribers. At present we are just about able to make both ends meet. It would be gratifying all round to obtain further support so that an additional four pages could be added, if not every month, at least frequently. The Annual Contribution to Minen-Herbarium bas come to hand. It is now issued directly from its author and compiler, Dr. M. Hering, Berlin, N.4. Invaliden str. 438. The present issue consists as usual of three portfolios each containing examples of the mines of 20 leaf- miners of the Insect Orders, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. Two of these portfolios are devoted to subjects obtained in Spain. We congratulate Dr. Hering in being able to find sufficient subjects for this work, which must entail not only the preparation, mounting, labelling, etc., but must be preceded by endless visits to country areas in search of subjects. As the work progresses this last will be more difficult, naturally the commoner species are first met with, for the more uncommon and rare species search will CURRENT NOTES. 28 be more difficult and less successful. So far in the past five years 800 species have been dealt with, and for the lepidopterist and dipterist there is a mass of practical information which will ever be useful for reference. Hach folded sheet has the name and family of the host plant, the name, family and order of the insect and the locality whence the specimen was obtained. A Meeting of the Entomological Club was held at the Hotel Parisien, South Kensington, on 18th Dec. 1933, Mr. Horace Donisthorpe in the Chair. Members Present in addition to the Chairman :—Mr. Robert Adkin, Mr. Jas. E. Collin, Mr. W. J. Kaye. Visitors Present :—Major KH. EH. Austen, Dr. K. G. Blair, Capt. de Aula Donisthorpe, Mr. C. G. Leman, Dr. C. Tate Regan, Capt. N. D. Riley, Mr. W. H. T. Tams. The members and visitors were received by the Chairman at 7 o'clock. The Chairman exhibited specimens of Tychus ibericus, Motsch., a beetle new to Britain, taken in Windsor Forest 20th May, 1988; Tychus niger, Pk., g and Q ; and Tychus niyer, Pk. var. dichrous, g¢ and Q (from the Collection of the late Mr. H.C. Rye). The latter had been originally introduced as Tychus ibericus.) Dinner was served at 7.30 p.m., and a very entertaining, evening was spent. —H.W.-H. Our colleague Mr. Donisthorpe has placed his practical and unique ~ collection of Coleoptera in the British Museum and with it also the results of his special study of ants with their associates. This most important collection will now be available for consultation by all biological students. The January Meeting of the famous Entomological Club, The Verrall Supper, was a fine success for no less than 165 met at the Holborn Restaurant on 16th Jan. and spent a most enjoyable evening. The S. London Entomological Society is extremely indebted to Dr. Joy for the donation of his fine almost. complete collection of Coleoptera which in a short while will be available for consultation by the members of the Society. This Society now has very perfect collections of British Lepidoptera (Macro and Micro), Muropean Rhopalocera, British Coleoptera, Paraneuroptera, and a large propor- tional of the more widely spread species of other orders of insects. The Society meets twice a month and these collections are available on these occasions for consultation, whereas the national collections can only be consulted at times when most of our collectors are engaged, Re Notes on British Nocruar.—My kind correspondent Prof. M. Draudt of Darmstadt writes me that the aedoegus of his example of andalusica agree exactly with the result found by Mr. Tams. Brig.- Gen. B. H. H. Cooke kindly points out a printer’s error on p. 309 of « Brit. Noct. and their Varieties, (Jan. no.). The andalusica taken by him was in June not in July as printed. He also records another example taken by himself at Albarracin on 6th June 1929. He calls my attention to a statement made by M. Rondou in his recently issued Catalogue of the Pyrenean Lepidoptera, that the argillacea found at Gedre is of an extremely deep brown and considered to answer to the form gedrensis, Schawerda. One would like to know whether this very dark insect is a barrettit-andalusica and not a luteago under which Rondou and Schawerda both place it.—Hy.J.T. DA ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.11.1984 Nomenclature. When I took over the acting editorship of the Hnt. Record J found that the Nomenclature used in Lepidoptera was a jumble of names with- out any plan or uniformity. Often in one volume the same insect would appear under several different specific names and the genera were hope- lessly misapplied. Names were often taken from popular works of no pretention to correctness or science, inferior ‘‘ book-maker’s ”’ products. This superficial nomenélature was more prevalent in the Butterflies and became much intensified with the advent, at the end of the century, of the yearly collecting expeditions to the favoured localities of the Alps of Central Europe. The appearance of the 8rd edition of Staudinger’s Catalog in 1901 helped to stabilize specific names to a great extent and also many of the generic names. Butin some cases, the genus Lycaena for instance, Staudinger included 110 species without indication of the erouping obvious to all who had studied the species therein. Gradually the task of stabilizing the names used for our British and Continéntal Lepidoptera was attempted. A copy of South’s Entomologist List interleaved was revised gradually (I still use it) with , the works of Bethune-Baker, Chapman, Tutt, and others before me. Priority names and spelling were gradually introduced entailing heavy work in altering MSS. and thereby, no doubt, often incurring the unexpressed ‘‘cusses”’ of the ‘“diehards”’ for their pet names. In practice no assertion of a prior name has been adopted until reasonable time has elapsed for verification. In continuation of this policy, in 1925-6, this magazine issued as a Supplement, 4 List of British Geometers, which contained the prior names of both species and genera, the work of L. B. Prout as published in the 8rd volume of Seitz Palaearctic Lepidoptera, with subsequent corrections by him, and containing the results of his study of the world Geometrid fauna. This was as near to a stabilization as can reasonably be expected. Unfortunately this cannot be done with the Noctuae with any feeling of stability. Although Hampson of the British Museum studied this group as a world whole, the basis of his work was on illogical and unaccepted general principles, both in his spelling and classification. Great reliance was placed by him on the neuration and but little if any on other structural charaters, nor were obvious biological characteristics taken into account. One is able to get but little advance on the 1901 Staudinger Catalog, except in the specific alteration of the position of a species here and there as barrettii from Luperina 10 Dianthoecia, or of a genus as Metachrostis for Bryophila. As for the Butterflies, the gymnastics which has gone on and is still going on, is most disconcerting. No one accepts what anyone else has done and we still get such mangled spelling as megaera, typhon, corydon, instead of the original: names megera, tiphon, coridon; and thaumas for flava, astrarche for medon, adonis for thetis, etc., etc. As to the genera of our butterflies stability seems as far off as ever. Apparently even our National Nomenclature Committee avoids this task, and individual attempts would, if accepted, directly reverse some of the work already done by experts working in concert in the past. This Committee consists of some of the most reliable and experienced entomologists in the country and. their decisions would, we feel, obtain the recognition of even those who are prone to have their own pet ideas as to this subject.—Hy.J.T. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. ‘T'ourner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send ws communications ipuNnTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require Inuusrrarions are inserted on condition that the AuTHoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. ExcHaners.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 18, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of Huropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.— All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—Living larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa quercis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, griseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, ete.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Urncent.—Wanted HKnglish (Cumberland) Erebia epiphron. Adequate exchange will be made in European Lepidoptera.—B. C. S. Warren, 14, Avenue de I’ Eglise Anglaise, Lausanne, Switzerland. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Soffner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehirde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. Wantep.—Papered Lepidoptera and Coleoptera of all species wanted in exchange for papered insects, some rare, from Japan.—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen's Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8 p.m. March 7th, 21st. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. February 22nd, March 8th, 22nd.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘* Ditchling,”’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. : Wanted to exchange: Argynnis selene var. rinaldus, thalia, and marphisa (all black) and other butterflies and moths from Tschechoslowakei for English butter- flies (or for cash). J. Sorrner, Trautenau, Tschechoslowakei. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.RB.I.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/8. All communications to be addressed to :— VV. M. CRAVWVEORD, B.A., F.RIES: E25. blon Secy: ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. M. Crawford, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, W. Parkinson-Curtis, Rey. Canon Foster, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rey. G. Wheeler, Rev. E. B, Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, “ Tatemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIKTIES and MUSEUMS. BAGK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journa! of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVL.) CONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymie notes—Retrospect of a Lepidopterist for 1890—Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hisptdus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, efc., etc., 360 pp. GONTENTS OF VOL. II. Menanism anp Mrnanocnroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on Variation (many)—How to breed dgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taeniocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, 8. London—Generic nomen- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyvamna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanburgh Hill, Blackheath, London, S§.E. 3. to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable ee Archer & Co., Printers, 85, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. APR. 1935. Vol. XLVI. 15 5A 0. 3 MARCH, 1934 ENTOMOLOGISTS RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION Epirep R. S. BAGNALL, D.SC., F.R.E.S. H. DonisTHORPE, F.Z.5., F.R.U.8. ’ +} th the Matcoum Burr, D.S80., F.R.E.8. T. BarnsricgGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., Rey. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.z.S. F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. assistance of | ©. A. Cockaynu, a.M., D.M., ¥.R.E.S., | H. HE. Page, F.R.E.8. F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. J. . Conuin, J.P., F.R.E.S8. Rey. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R.E.8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus. —G. T. BerHune-Baker, F.Z.3., F.R.E.S. By Heyry J. TURNER, F.2.2.8., F.R.H.8., Hditorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Lepidoptera at Maurin, Bases ees France, W. Parkinson Aa F.R.E.S. (continued) on 2c 25 Collecting Butterflies in Orissa, India, W. M. ‘Chainford: F, LR. E. 8. ws 28 Noetuae in 1933, Ad. J. Wightman, F.R.E.S. .. Be ; 35 Se 30 Unusual Captures at Hawthorn and other pe H. ee: PLR HS... HiZiSeo +. as 56 . 32 Trypeta winthemi, Mg., A Dipteron new to Britian, M. Niblett. 66 20 33 Notes on Contectina.— Karly eae: of A. urticae, H. Donisthorpe and T. B.-Fletcher. .. 60 nc 25 oe as Ws 34 Current Notes .. Ai ae, oe ae sic a0 Ba Se 34 Nomenclature 50 Bee PO SUPPLEMENTS.— British Wes car a ae F. Ra E.S., PR. H. 8. (317)-(320) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (5)-(8) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS, to The Hon, Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Kltham, S8.B.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidcptera of the World.”’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. Ne. 126 | NBLEPHONE— TEMPLE BAR 9451 H L & ON ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET J z J is i i. S 3 if ANUFAGTURERS, Have for disposal Re-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Insect Gabinets; also Cheap Storage Galbinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WitnEspENn 0309. ~ THE VASCULUM | A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITHD BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. W. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. W. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R.S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. VV. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM CARTER, 13, Kimberiey Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. The Wayside and Woodland Series. MOTHS OF THE BRITISH ISLES By RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S.. late Editor of the‘ Entomologist.’ Cloth, gilt. In two volumes, containing altogether 1471 accurate y coloured examples, figuring every species and many varieties, also drawings of eggs caterpillars, chrysa- lides and food-plants. Price 1G/S ne: per volume: a FREDERICK WARNE & GO. LTD. : oe os 1-4, Bedford Gourt, London, W.C.2. ‘“ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. Pes Price, one copy, ls. Od. ; two, 1s. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kennetu J. Haywarp, F.R.E.S. 1s. 3d. Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) = .. 38s. 0d. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. Anpnrews, I'.R.E.S. 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37-45 of Ent. Record, new series ; ; including “Special Index . af ote 30 oe O° Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be obtained post free from H. W. scenes 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, §.E.9. “LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 25 LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, FRANCE. (Addenda) By W. PARKINSON CURTIS, F.R.E.S. Lycaena argus, L. ab. demaculata, Strand=paucipuncta, Coury., I have used this name as it appears in the Catalogue of Monsr. Lhomme. The species intended is that frequently called aryyroynomon, Bergstr. and not argus, L.=aegon, Schiff., although I personally agree with Tutt, Verity, Haworth, Stephens, Curtis, Seitz, and a number of other authors of weight that to call argyroynomon by the name of aryus is incorrect. However as long as it 1s understood that argyrognomon is referred to no confusion need be occasioned. This specimen fell to the net of W. Fassnidge and isa g in good order. At first we were inclined to refer it to aeyon, Schiff. I have however examined the legs very carefully and the fore tarsi (one of which I have mounted as a microscope slide) the colour of the upperside and the very narrow dark brown margin induce me to refer it without doubt to the above. The upperside calls for no further comment except that the cilia are a very dull white. The normal underside tone of the species in the valley is greyish olive. ‘This specimen is a little darker than deep olive-grey. ‘This has the effect by contrast of rendering the basal blue scaling inconspicuous, which feature is accentuated by the fact that the scaling is itself less blue and duller than usual. In addition the customary pale ringing of the underside is so nearly unicolorous with the ground that it is but little in evidence on the forewing and but slightly traceable on the hindwing. The discal spot of the forewing is rather large and rounder than usual, the postdiscal row of spots is moderately well developed, the uppermost being small and the lowest merely forming two distinct spots. It presents one peculiar feature that recalls aegon and is not evident in any specimen of aryyronomon that I possess ; the fourth and fifth spots counting from above are displaced basad so that the lower spots instead of being in a straight line forma short sharp angle which is still _ further accentuated by the lower double spot which is obliquely directed toward the tornus. It was this feature which made us incline to refer the specimen to aegon. Normal argyronomon has a marginal series of orange spots edged basally and distally with dark brown, each spot being placed on a light spot of ground colour. All that is left of this is four hardly perceptible dull smudges above veins 2, 8, 4, and 5, growing progressively smaller from the tornus upward. On the hindwing the two spots basad the discoidal are very weakly marked and entirely devoid of pale rings. The large single costal spot is nearly normal as is the discoidal though the latter is obscured with grey hairs like scales. ‘The post discal series is obsolescent. The spots above veins 1 and 2 are the merest specks, those above four and five are very small, and there is the smallest speck above 6. The marginal decoration is very much reduced ; the normal zinc-orange is degraded to a pale mikado-brown and is barely traceable, except in the Spot above vein 2. Of the blue scaling there are 7 scales each side of vein 1 and nine above vein 2, and even they are more aluminium-grey than blue; the light internal lunules are just perceptible; the black 26 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1934 arcuate marks are fuscous slightly developed and ill-defined; the external dark spots being the same tone and in the same condition. The terminal series of spots on the nervures are fuscous but of normal size. A well pronounced black terminal line. ~ Fringes rather whiter than in normal aryyrognomon and with a strong admixture of dark brown in the basal half of those of the fore- wing another feature that is usually more evident in aegon than in this Species. Sex g. Hxpanse 30m. In mus. Fassnidge (Note W. IF. does not number his specimens). On the system of Prof. Courvoisier this specimen should be called pauctpuncta ; on the other hand it also seems to comply with the diagnosis of demaculata, Strand, referred to by H. Rowland-Brown Ent., 1918, p. 77 where he writes ab. demaculata “in which the red- gold spots on the underside of both wings have completely disappeared.” Unfortunately Strand’s paper is in a language, which I do not under- stand and Brown’s above quoted extract makes no reference to the spotting, but as obsolescence of spotting so usually proceeds from the base distad, and the terminal border is the character that is usually the most persistent and often shows little reduction in extreme caeca, or obsoleta forms, one may perhaps safely assume that Strand’s demaculata showed reduction in all underside ornamentation. Rowland- Brown, op. cit. p. 78, states that the two most interesting g aberrations in his collection are both from high mountain localities. One being from Gavyarnie, Hautes Pyrenees at 5000 ft., and the other from Campolungo at 7500 ft. W.E’s. specimen came from the neighbourhood of Lac Prar-ourt at about 8000 ft. Rowland-Brown’s specimen from Campolungo is described by him (/.c.) as follows ‘‘on the underside the forewings are unspotted with the exception of the discoidal, and faintly marked obsolescent median spots ; the whole wing area is dun-coloured”’ (Note I do not know what dun-colour is when used for precise description, but mouse-grey or deep-mouse-grey covers the colour as applied to flies or cows, so evidently Brown’s specimen is very close to W.F’s in colour). The reduction of spots is not so pronounced on the hindwings, and the whitish band has disappeared.” This last evidently refers to the sagittate white markings which frequently precede the ornamental border and which show a reduction corresponding to reduction of the annular ringing of the spots. This reduction is very marked in W.K’s example. It does not seem to be usual in obsoleta forms; of the 36 vbsoleta spread over 3 species in my own collection all still retain the white sagittate markings except one coridon, Poda, and as the entire disc in that specimen is snow white it is impossible to differentiate them. Aberrations so rarely occur in identical form that it is not surprising if a specimen exhibits characters forming the features of other specimens which have received aberrational names, I think that W.F’s specimen may be classed paucipuncta + demaculata. Ortholitha octodurensis, Favre ab. cinnamonea, nov. ab. : A g in good order taken by W. F. Although this aberration is strictly a melanic aberration, the general tone being many degrees more dusky than the forma typica, yet to my eye the most striking LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. QT peculiarity is the strong suffusion of the basal and terminal areas with an orange cinnamon tone, although this is in part an optical illusion due to contrast, yet the insect has at a casual glance the appearance of having the two areas mentioned of that colour, suffused with the grey and with a strong blue grey median band and costa. A close examin- ation under a lens of moderate power, however, shows that the real colour is a soft onion-skin-pink, which owing to the glossiness of the scales and the admixture with grey scaling looks brighter than it really is. Head, tegulae, patagia, thorax, abdomen are deep neutral grey with a slight slaty admixture; the tegulae and vertex at bases of the the antennae and the abdomen especially posteriorly being rather paler than the thorax. A normal specimen has three fasciae at the base of the wing; the first an ill-developed one, mainly marked by a cluster of dark scales at the base of the cell, followed by a pair of usually well marked denticulated lines from costa to dorsum with the teeth directed distad on the nervures. Of this coloration in the specimen under review it is impossible to trace any part, the whole area being softly suffused with neutral-grey with a slightly hoary silkiness ; this neutral-grey fades away into the onion-skin-pink without any line of demarcation. Normally the area following this up to the medial line is grey with 8 or 4 ill-defined dentate lines mainly distin- guishable only on the costa and dorsum ; in this specimen except for the costa, which is deep neutral grey to just below the subcostal, the area is onion-skin-pink with a suffusion of grey scales, the latter being more numerous dorsally. The discoidal in the typical form is a very variable feature, but it is usually distinguishable as two spots. In this specimen it consists of a well marked but indifferently defined elongated lamp-black spot. It is just possible to make out the median line and the post-median, both being lamp-black where visible, the latter being the easier to trace as the lamp-black is developed as some- what pronounced spots on the nervures; the area between the two lines, which is normally occupied by three fairly well defined blackish lines on a pale ground, is wholly deep neutral-grey with the nervures of a slightly warmer and more brownish tone, but not pronouncedly 30, and the costal area very dark and cold in tone. The terminal area is almost wholly devoid of markings, and is onion-skin-pink suffused with grey, the subterminal line represented by obscure points on the nervures and the nervures themselves being enveloped in dark grey at the termen. There is no trace of the terminal dark line which is such a pronounced feature in the forma typica; dorsal and terminal cilia very dark neutral-grey. Hindwings silky neutral-grey, a slight darkish terminal line, the cilia darker than the ground but not as dark as in the forewing. Underside a uniform neutral-grey like the upperside of the hindwings, but not so silky, a fine dark grey terminal line, a shining ochreous line at the base of the cilia basally a little darker than the wings, costa of forewings narrowly suffused with deep neutral-grey. W. F. does not number his specimens, but I have attached a type label in my own handwriting. The specimen hardly photographs well; a hand coloured drawing would be the only satisfactory illustration. I should include under the name given, ail sp2cimens of octodurensis showing this curious cinnamon tone, which ig so unlike the colouring of itself or close allies. 28 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.111.19384 Pyrausta cingulalis, L. ab. bicingulalis, nov. ab. — . This is a very interesting form of this species which Mr. Meyrick tells me is new to him; it seems to come close to the form vittalis, De La Harpe. Faune des Lep. Suisses. Memoires de la Soc. Helvetique p. 83 (1864) of which the author says “size little larger than cingulalis forewing slightly more elongated slightly excavated at the extremity, transverse band is wider, of a white slightly sullied or slightly reddish.”’ The specimens of cingulalis obtained on Font Sancté comply with the above, save that the band is ivory white and very brilliant, evidently the high development of the median band is a character coupled with elevation, as De La Harpe says he got his specimens in the High Alps, but does not add the elevation. Our specimens had beside this highly developed median band a second white antemedial band of variable development. I have chosen specimen No. 23588 in mus. Curtis as the type, as this shows the band most distinctly. The band is more extended toward the costa, but narrower than the basal band of anguinalis and occupies the same position exactly. One would be inclined to infer that this band is an atavistic character either reappearing, or never wholly lost. W. F. in 19838 obtained a similar form in some numbers at Jaca in Spain, but although the Jaca specimens show the antemedial band quite well, the median band is typical and not as markedly developed as in the ab, under discussion. (To be continued.) Collecting Butterflies in Orissa (Bihar and Orissa), India. By W. M. CRAWFORD, F.R.E.S. (Continued from p. 21.) LiyCaENIDAE. 90. Poritia hewitsoni, Mr., ssp. hewitsont.—A pair was obtained from Mourbhanj State in the month of October. 91. Spalgis epius, Wstw., ssp. epius.—I got a few specimens in Sambalpur and also in Nayagarh State, but the insect was not common. 92. Talicada nyseus, Guér., ssp. nysens.—A few were got in the Puri district and the neighbouring Ranpur and Narsinghpur States. 8. 938. Castalins rosimon, Fb., ssp. rosimon.—Very common. 94. ('. caleta, Hew., ssp. decidia, Hew.—Fairly common. I got one specimen of typical interrupta, Nice., form in Sambalpur. 95. C. elna, Hew., ssp. noliteia, Fruh.—F our found on Meghasini and one in Narsinghpur State. N. 96. Tarucus theophrastus, I'b., ssp. callinara, Butlr.—Very common. (Has been given specific rank by some authors.—H.J.T.) 97. 7. nigra, BB.—One male and four females obtained. 98. JZ’. nara, Koll—Two males and five females. (These three Turucus have kindly been verified for me by Brigadier Evans.) 99. Syntarucus plinius, F.—Fairly common. 100. Neopithecops zalmora, Butlr.—One, got in Sambalpur and three in Ranpur State. 101. Mveres parrhasius, F,—Common (probably a ssp. ’. argiades, H.J.T.) 8. COLLECTING BUTTERFLIES IN ORISSA, INDIA. 29 — 102. Megisba malaya, Horsf. ssp. thwaitesi, Mr.—A single speci- men from Mourbhanj State. 1038. J/.yeaenopsis puspa, Horsf. ssp. yisca, Fruh.—Common. 104. Chilades lains, Cr. ssp. lains.—Very common. 105. Zizeeria trochilus, Frr. ssp. putli, Koll.—Very common, in short grass. 106. 74%. maha, Koll. ssp. ossa, Swin.—Common. (Not in Seitz Indo- Malay, but in the Palaearctic Volume.—H.J.T.). S. 107. 4%. lysimon, Hiib.k—Common, 108. 4%. yaika, Trimen.—Common. 109. Z. otis, Fb. ssp. decreta, Btlr.—Common. §. 110. HMuchrysops cnejus, F.—Very common. 111. EF. pandava, Horsf. ssp. pandava. Rather less common. 112. Lycaenesthes lycaenina, Fldr. ssp. lycaenina.—Very few caught. S. 118. Catachrysops strabo, F.—Common. 114. Lampides boeticus, L.—Also common, 115. Jamides bochus, Cr. ssp. bochus.—Fairly common. 116. J. celeno, Cr. ssp. celenv.—Very common. 117. Nacaduba kurava, ssp. canaraica, Toxopeus.—Only two or three caught. §. (Not in Seitz—H.J.T.) 118, N. nora, Fldr. ssp. nora (=ardates, Mr.). Not common elther. 119. Curetis thetis, Drury.—Fairly common. (120. ©. acuta, Dree. ssp. dentata, Mr.—Fairly common. (In Seitz dentata is put as a form of bulis, Dbldy. and acuta is not given.— IsledicALe)) 121. Traota timoleon, Stoll. ssp. timoleon.—Males very common, but females rare. A series, taken through the different months of the year, shows an interesting increase in the white markings on the underside as the rainy season approaches and a gradual return to a darker underside with the setting in again of the drier and colder weather. N. 122. Horsfieldia anita, Hew. ssp. dina, Fruh.—Common. (Seitz has narada, Hrsf. as the species: ssp. anita, Hew. (=narada, Nice.) : and ssp. dina, Fruh.—H.J.T.) 1238. Amblypodia hewitsont, BB.—Common. 124. A. amantes, Hew. ssp. amantes—Common. I did not find any other species of this very large genus. A. hewitsoni is now merged by Evans in alemon, de N. 125. Surendra quercetorum, Mr. ssp. biplagiata, Btlr.—Only a few caught. §. 126. Loawura atymnus, Cr. ssp. continentalis, Fruh.—Not common. 127. Spindasts vulcanus, Fb. ssp. vulcanus.— Very common. 128. SS. ictis, Hew. ssp. ictis—Fairly common. 129. S. elima, Mr. ssp. elima.—Fairly common. (Seitz puts these 3 species in Aphnaews—H.J.T.) 180. Zezius chrysomatlus, Hib.—This very local butterfly was caught in considerable numbers on a small hill close to Sambalpur town. I didn’t find it anywhere else. S. 131. Pratapa blanka, Nic. ssp. sudica, Kvans.—I got only one specimen, a female, now in the British Museum collection. 8. (Seitz puts blanka=argentea, Aur. a form of Camena lucida, Fb.—H.J.T.) 30 ; ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1934 - 182. Tajuria jehana, Mr.—Only two males and two females obtained. 133. T. cippus, Fb. ssp. cippus.—Fairly common. 134. Rathinda amor, Fb.—Also fairly common. 135. Chliaria othona, Hew.—Two males obtained in Mourbhanj. 186. Zeltus etolus, Fb.— Uncommon. 187. Deudorya epijarbas, Mr. ssp. eptjarbas.—Rare, only two specimens having been got. S. 188. Virachola isocrates, F.—Very common. 139. Rapala varuna, Hrsf. ssp. orseis, Hew.—Taken very sparingly. N. 140. RK. schistacea, Mr.—Only a few obtained. 141. RK. pheretimus, Hew. ssp. petosiris, Hew.— Only four males and one female secured. N. (Seitz puts petosiris as a true species. —H.J.T.) 142. RK. melampus, Cr.—Very common, females being almost ag c6mmon as males. (To be concluded.) Noctuae in 1933. By A. J. WIGHTMAN, F.R.E.S. The imagines of Xylina semibrunnea which had been wintered as described E’'nt. Rec., July, 1982, page 98, were kept under constant observation, yet no pairing was ever noted, and by mid April the last of the males had died and a number of the females were so worn and dilapidated that I decided that if there were to be ova they had probably been deposited, and so turned out and most carefully examined the containers without finding more than seven ova (freshly laid). These had been placed on the extreme top edge of the wooden frame of the outer box. I liberated all the sickly insects and removed 8 that appeared lively to a smaller wooden box with a glass lid. On the morning of 30th of April I noticed that a good many ova had been deposited during the preceding night around the top edge of the box, all within one inch of the top and it was apparent that the moths had gone round and round ovipositing with their heads close to the glass. The following day the number of ova had greatly increased and one female was dead. Upon a count of the ova I found there were nearly 700 and as this was all I had any use for I released the two surviving insects which had been in captivity since the previous October or November. The ova, which seemed to me to be extremely small for the size of the perfect insect, when freshly laid were dull white, with a waxy appearance but turned red in the course of 4 or 5 days. Having distributed ova among friends wishing to rear the species and having about 250 left I decided to attempt to rear them myself in the hope of getting forms darker or paler than that which is usual among wild taken specimens. The first larva emerged on 13th May, and within a week all had appeared, the percentage of infertile ova proving to be very small. Given young shoots of ash these larvae were 2 in. long in 14 days. They began to go down on 9th June and were soon all under ground. On examination of the tough earthen cocoons, which reminded one NOCTUAE IN 1933, 31 very much of those of the Oncullia, they were found to contain only resting larvae until late July. Pupation commenced and was complete in the early days of August, those larvae whose cocoons had been tampered with pupating quite safely. The first imago appeared on 10th August, and from that date until mid September 185 fine and perfect moths emerged. The mortality in the larval stage was perhaps 5% and in the pupal stage rather less, the loss from 250 ova to 185 moths being in most part due to my having given larvae away. All the imagines are rather larger than wild-taken specimens, but there is not a single individual the colour or marking of which cause it to appear different from its brethren, and I must conclude that semibrunnea is as constant as its congener soca is variable. The fact, that so many ova were deposted in so short a time and some while after the last male had died, disposes, once and for all, of the story I have heard more than once, that in this species and its allies the female moth needs to be kept with a number of males as she is only able to produce a few fertile ova from a pairing and the males die after pairing; why I have previously failed to induce this species to lay, I cannot say. I have treated the captive moths in just this way for years, and only once before had ova and then only about adozen, The reason this larva is seldom beaten is no doubt largely due to its almost uncanny ability to resist being shaken and jarred from its food, indeed when dislodged it will as often as not get a fresh hold in falling. I did not find it shy of daylight and beyond doubt these larvae spend all their lives up among the branches of the ash trees, which is certainly the natural food. Aporophyla lutulenta, Bkh. In my 1928 notes (nt. Record, page 88, June, 1929), I commented on the fact that Warren-Seitz (Pal. Noc. Vol. III., Par. I.) applied the varietal names liineburgensis, sedi, ete. to forms of lutulenta, very difterent indeed from the forms of that species to which Tutt (Brit. Noc. IIL., 56, etc.) had applied them, and Mr. H. J. Turner added a note in which he shows that Tutt is right and Seitz very much at sea in his letter- press on this species. Since that date I have carefully examined Seitz figs. of lutulenta plate 80, a 5 and 6, b 1 28 4 5, and find them to be rather misleading to say the least of it. a 5 and 6 can be accepted as good enough figs. of typical lutwlenta g and ¢, but figs. b 1 and 2 said to represent ¢ and @ form consimilis, Steph. are certainly both g insects and both cannot therefore represent this form. Fig. 6 3 said to represent tripuncta, Frr., is little different from his fig. a 5, typical g Jlutulenta, although in his text he says this form (tripuncta, Frr.) is very distinct, and his figs. 6 4 and 5, called luneburyensis, Frr. g and 2 both have ? antennae. He accepts this form as liineburyensis on the strength of a specimen in existence so labelled by Freyer himself (so ’tis said) in defiance of Ireyer’s own description of his liineburgensis as “ black, very slight purplish tinge, the basal, elbowed and subterminal lines darker, an angulated narrow central shade very dark and quite black.” There can, I think, be little doubt but that these Seitz figs. b 4 and 5 plate 30 represent sedi, Gn. they are certainly good figs. of the Scotch, Irish 32 ENTOMOLOGIS?’S RECORD. 15.111.1934 and Manx form, which Tutt treated as sedi, Gn. although lacking the bright contrasting shadings of fresh examples. When I wrote these 1928 notes I was not aware of an articlein Mnt. Record. XI. 155-158 by the Revd. Burrows, in which he sums up what had been done by Tutt, Brit. Noc. III. page 56, etc., and describes three new forms from Mucking specimens. He insists that these new forms are brownish and yet in his descriptions calls them ashy-grey and IJ am satisfied that two of these forms are identical with the Pulborough forms Nos. 5, 6 and 7 of my list which I described as Mouse-grey and pale ashy-grey. For when these Pulborough insects are compared for colour with sedi, Gn., from Scotland and Isle of Man, it is seen that they area warmer grey, which could be described as a browner and less silvery grey than that form. It therefore follows that the forms bred from Pulborough larvae are correctly named as follows:—1. liineburyensis, Frr., 2. lutulenta, 3. tripuncta, Frr., 4. consimilis, Steph., 5. trans. consimilis ad approaimata, Burrows, 6. approwimata, Burrows, 7. cinerea, Burrows. In addition to these forms, I possess two others which do not occur here in Sussex. One which agrees well in colour with Seitz figs. b 4 and 5 from the Isle of Man=sedi, Gn., and two specimens from Hoy taken by McArthur, which are much more strongly marked and definitely silvery-white lined=albidilinea, Tutt. Seitz’ suggestion that albidilinca, Tutt, sedi, Gn, and liineburgensis, Frr., may all be the same form, is therefore very wide of the mark indeed. (To be concluded.) Unusual Captures at Hawthorn and other Blossoms. By HORACE DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., etc. As is well known the blossoms of hawthorn (and also other trees) are very attractive to insects, especially beetles, some species of which are only to be captured by beating the trees when in flower. The following list, however, consists of species, which are not usually found in this way, and in some cases it is very surprising that they should have occurred there at all. These records are all from Windsor Forest; unless otherwise stated they were all taken by beating hawthorn. CaraBipakE :—Amara similata, Gyll., 21.v.33. Usually found on paths and roads, under stones, in cut grass, etc. Srapayninipak :—Tachyporus solutus, lir., 80.v.29. Usually occurs in moss, dead leaves, roots of willows in marshy places, ete. T. humerosus, Kr., 28.v.29, and 7’. brunneus, F., 28.v.29. Similar habitats to solutus. Quedius mesomelinus, Marsh., 21.v.88. Occurs in moss, fungi, haystack refuse, under bark, etc., @. maurus, Sablb., 17 and 18.v.38. Usually under bark. Bledius longulus, Kr. ! 19.v.83. Occurs in sand- pits, sandy places in cliffs, etc., in underground burrows. Lestera lonyelytrata, Goez., 19.v.27. Usually found in moss on stones in streams, etc. Psaracripak :-—Olibrus corticalis, Pz.,18.v.88. Usually by sweeping “ oroundsel ”’ etc. Erotyiipak :—Dacne humeralis, F., beating birch, 31.vili.83. It occurs in fungus on trees. TRYPETA (ORELLIA) WINTHEMI, MG. 33 Nitmvutmar :—Omosita discoidea, F., two specimens 1.vi.80. Usually found in carrion, old bones, decayed fungi, ete. Ips quadrt- guttatus, F., 28 and 29.v.29 ; 6.v.83. Occurs at sap, “ cossus ”’ trees, in fungi, ete. Rhizophaqus depressus, F., beating Prunus blossoms 6.iv.383. Occurs under bark, and in burrows of Aylastes, ete. R. perforatus, Kr., 17.v.33. Occurs under bark, at sap, etc. Laruripipar :—Lathridius lardarius, DeG., 17.v.88. Occurs in hot beds, vegetable refuse, by sweeping, etc. CrypropHacipar :—T'elmatophilus caricis, Ol., six specimens 28.v29. Occurs in stems of Typha, often by sweeping reeds etc., around ponds. Cryptophagus lycoperdina, Hbst., beating Elderberry blossoms 20.v1.33. Lives in the common “ Earth Ball” (Scleroderma vulgare). C. pubescens, Stm., beating Honeysuckle 15.viii.83; lives in wasps’ nests in the sround ; occasionally by sweeping. C. scanicus, L., 27.v.29. Occurs in vegetable refuse, fungi, carrion, etc. Atomaria linearis, Steph., 21.v.383. Occurs in moss, haystack refuse, by sweeping, etc. ScapHipupak :—Scaphidium 4-maculatum, Ol.!, 19.v.88. Lives at the damp bottoms of wood-stacks, in rotten stumps, and fungoid growths. Myceropnacipar :—Mycetophagus 4-pustulatus, L., 17.v.83. Occurs in fungus on trees and stumps. Byrrawar :—Byrrhus fasciatus, F., 8.v.28. Is found in sandy places, on roads, ete. ScaraBaEIpaE :—Aphodius granarius, L., 31.v.82. Occurs in dung, vegetable refuse, ete. ' Kucnemipak :—Throscus carinifrons, Bony., 29.v.81. Found by Sweeping in woods, especially ‘‘ evening sweeping.” DasciLuipaE :—Cyphon padi, ., by beating ‘‘ Mountain Ash” blossoms, 19.v.27; Prunus blossoms, 6.iv.38. Usually by sweeping in marshy places , also in moss and flood refuse. CurcuLionipar :—Apion flavipes, F., by beating “Crab Apple” blossoms, 11.1v.83. Occurs on white clover; common by sweeping, ete. Sibinia potentillae, Germ., 27.v.28. Occurs on Spergula and Potentilla, etc., in sandy places. P.S.—On May 20th, 1920, I beat two specimens of Caledera niyrita, Man., off Scot’s Pine trees in blossom at Freckenham. It occurs in moss and at the roots of herbage in marshy places. Trypeta (Orellia) winthemi, Mg. An Addition to the List of British Trypetidae. By M. NIBLETT. On 15th August, 1932, on Ranmore Common, Surrey, I gathered a few flower-heads of Carduus crispus, L. (Welted Thistle), with some whitish Trypetid larvae in them; in June, 1983, four flies emerged as follows: 8rd June, g ; 7th, g, 2; llth, ?. I submitted these to Mr. J. EK. Collin, F.R.E.S., who informs me that they are Trypeta winthemi, Mg., and who drew my attention to the following points in connection with them: ‘It is very near 7. flores-centiae, L., but may be known primarily by its pale costal stigma; there are slight differ- ences in the wing markings, and the cross veins are rather closer together.” 34 WNTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 155.111.1934 I should like to take this opportunity of thanking Mr. Collin for his help in determining this species. The larva is yellowish-white, it constructs a very slight cocoon of pappus-hairs, and pupates sometime in May in the flower-head, forming a yellow- brown puparium. Frauenfeld recorded this species from U. crispus, and Loew doubt- fully from Cnicus palustris, LL. (Marsh Plume Thistle). I can find no record of its occurrence in Britain, and Mr. Collin informed me that he had not seen a British specimen. OTES ON COLLECTING, ete. EARLY APPEARANCE OF AGLAIS uRTICAE, L.—On 8rd March at about 12.30, when taking a little walk in the sunshine, a specimen of the small Tortoiseshell was observed in the Upper Richmond Rd., Putney, flying about and settling on some fruit in front of a green-grocer’s shop. This would no doubt be a hibernated specimen, and though perhaps not a very early record, it may be worth publishing as occurring in the town of Putney itself. —Horace DonistHorpe. [An Aglais urticae was flying about in the garden here at Stroud on Friday, 9th March.—T.B.-F.] Some Leprpoprera FRom Satonica.—A few insects I captured during and after the late War were put in a box and lost until recently. I am indebted to Capt. Riley and Mr. Tams for their identification. Tarucus telicanus, Tarucus balkanica, Caenonympha pamphilus £. lyllus, ipinephele jurtina,f£. hispulla, Polyommatus icarus, Lamacra glabellaria, Heeger, Ocnogyna parasita, Hiibn. males came very commonly to light on January 1st 1919. W. F. Kirby (Huropean Butterflies and Moths, page 107) states that it appears in March and April. Cucullia chamomillae, Schiff., Huaoa spinifera, Hubn., Huxoa radius, Haw., Celama chlamidulalis, Htibn., Cidaria obstipata, Fabr., early spring of 1919.—Gro. S. Rozertson (M.D.), Storrington. Dec. 21st., 1983. [This is really an addition to Dr. Robertson's note on Salonica captures published in the Hnt, Record of 1918 page 186.—Hy.J.T.] GXYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES. In Lambillionea for August to December last are plates [X-XII which contain figures of Colias hyale ab. alba, Derenne, a pure white form; and ab. atava, Reutti., an entirely black form; Pontia daplidice, ab. nitsche’, Gornik, in which the discal compound spot of the forewing has the semi-detached upper portion obsolescent; Muchloé cardamines, ab. dispila, Raynor, the forewings below have the usual spot grey-black ; ab. meridionalis, Vrty., in which the design on the under surface is much reduced but considerably powdered with black. Argynnis adippe (cgdippe) ab. callista, Cab., has the black markings enlarged and squared ; Papilio machaon, a beautiful melanie form without any traces of the usual marginal light markings ; four Abraxas sylvata of different forms ; and a curious Diacrista lutea (lubricipeda) in which the apical half of the R. hindwing was suffused with black. CURRENT NOTES. 35 The following 8 new aberrations are described in the October number of Lambillionea. (1) Euchloé cardamines, ab. pulverulenta, in which the hindwings below are covered by green-yellow dots without any black coloration; ab. bilineata in which the additional spot below the discoidal shown in ab. despila is elongated ; and Aylais urticae, ab. ochrea, in which the usual red of the hindwing is replaced by yellow. Those who are interested in Wicken Hen should get a most instructive guide, published by the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. It contains a description of the various sections of the Fen, a historic account, and much information on the Flora and Fauna. There are numerous illustrations with several maps. The price is one shilling and should be in the hands of every entomologist and botanist who takes advantage of the facilities afforded by the Trust for visiting this wounderful and unique collecting area of the British Isles. Two further parts of the Supplement to the Palaearctic Macrolepidop- tera of Seitz have just come to hand. Part 45 consists of three sheets of letterpress of Vol. II dealing with the Bombyces, etc. The additions to the genus Zyyaena are concluded, a few additions to the Syntonndae and the commencement of the additions to the Arctiidae. By the bye, I think that now the Syntomidae are called Amatidae. The British species have been dealt with already and this part gives the additions to the more eastern and southern species of which we know but little. Part 46 consists of a further section of 2 sheets of the Noctuae by Dr. M. Draudt in Vol. III]. Among British species are Rhyacia castanea, 2 additions , R. augur, 2 new forms; R. praecow, 1; Hurois prasina, 5; FE). occulta, 8; Cedestis rubricosa, 1; C. sobrina, 1; Naenia typica, 2; Triphaena pronuba, 5; TT’. fimbria, 4; T. interjecta, 1: 7. janthina, 3 ; T. orbona, 3; T. comes, 1; Huweretayrotis agathina, 2; thus ending the Agrotinae. There follow 2 new forms of Barathra brassicae; and several of Scotoyramma trifoliit. A plate of over 50 figures is included, striking in its softness of texture. Of the continuation of the main volume there have recently appeared 4 parts. Vol. VIIL. American Geometers, by L. B. Prout consists of one sheet, and 2 plates of 149 figures of mainly green coloured species. Vol. X. a sheet of preface and 5 plates of the Bombyces, etc., of the Indo- Australian Fauna, now nearing conclusion. Vol. XII. 8 sheets of Indo-Malay Geometers, of which group very little has previously been known, in a collective sense. The well-known Society of enthusiastic EKntomologists, which is centred in and around Southampton, is again to change its name, from The Entomological Society of the South of England to Tuer Society ror British Knromoxtoey, with the aim of getting every student of our British insect Fauna to join its ranks. The enthusiasm and energy for real entomclogical work, with which a considerable section of its present members are so imbued, is quite phenomenal. An extension such as contemplated will ensure that the Journal the Society publishes will reach a general circulation in due course. We have been informed, too, that there are members of the Society who definitely place their knowledge and experience at the service of the jumiors, and encourage the real entomological work the outcome of organized collecting. We have received from the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries a bound volume of Leaflets on Insect Pests of Farm and Garden Crops, 36 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.111.1984 comprising some three dozen pamphlets issued during the last few years, mostly with adequate figures and plates. Many figures are: “ much enlarged’ so as to look very formidable, but in most cases the actual size is given. Usually too, a picture of the destruction effected by the stage of the insect upon the plant structure is furnished, and perhaps is much more useful than that of the pest itself. The insect often is small, and obscure by reason of its protective resemblance, whereas the results of the working of the pest cannot usually be hidden, and increase rapidly in conspicuous appearance. The destructive stages of moths, beetles, flies, plant-bugs, spiders, millepedes, centipedes, slugs, snails, thrips, eelworms, ete. are all dealt with under various headings. Usually the leaflet begins with a few general remarks, then comes a detail description of the species in its various stages, imago, larva and pupa, and when and how it exists in the off season from attacks. The damage is described and the direetion and methods of attack, the signs of the presence of the pest when internal, such as in the root, and economic importance of dealing drastically with the trouble. Where natural checks and enemies are available their incidence is fully dealt with, such as the introduction of parasites; and of course the possibility and methods of effective artificial control are thoroughly explained. We have been promised copies of the leaflet concerning the ‘ Colorado beetle’ with its coloured plate for a subsequent number. This volume can be obtained from H.M. Stationery Office or through any bookseller for 1s. 6d. ‘‘ postage extra’ and is well worth the cost for the amount of matter it contains. and for the interest it should excite in non-entomological enquirers. Nomenclature. In Nomenclature the outstanding event of the month was the sudden appearance on Feb. 23rd of a List of the British Butterflies “ in the name and by the authority of the Royal Entomological Society.” We welcomed its appearance with the hope that now we might have the genus difficulty fixed, but, when we looked down the list and the references to the bases upon which the selection of names were made, we were aghast. Priority is stated to be the key-note, but again and again this principle is disregarded by literary gymnastics, and the Index was a complete dud. Apparently the List was compiled in a great hurry, an opinion that was confirmed, for a few days subse- quently to its issue, two pages were reprinted and sent out. We stated some time ago, we must use any list, however imperfect it may be, coming from our highest responsible authority. One does not like to feel compelled to spell names wrongly or to use genus names in a sense different from the sense they have been shown to denote on the best of historic evidence. They are sure to be condemned whole- sale by continental authorities. Ina later issue we propose to give the List and compare it with the List issued by the late J. W. Tutt, the work of his many helpers including Mr. Bethune-Baker and the Rev. George Wheeler, and also to comment on the numerous errors of ignore-ance. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We musiearnestly request our correspondents nor to send ws conimunications 1DENTICGAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by autbors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require InnusrRarions are inserted on condition that the AUrHoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge, ‘They should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. - " Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromnfjields, Pulborough, Sussex. j ExcHanaus.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Hrfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Nepandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate load, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of Kuropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.— All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—Living larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa quercis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, griseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, ete.—J. A. Downes, 5, T'rinity Road, Wimbledon. Urncent.—Wanted English (Cumberland) Hrebia epiphron. Adequate exchange will be made in HKuropean Lepidoptera.—B. C. S. Warren, 14, Avenue de l’Hglise Anglaise, Lausanne, Switzerland. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojfner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehorde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. WantEp.—Papered Lepidoptera and Coleoptera of all species wanted in exchange for papered insects, some rare, from Japan.—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on- Avon. Duplicates.—Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species. Desiderata.—Living larvae: please send list of species obtainable.—A. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17. MEETINGS Oi SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8p-m. March 21st, April 4th. The South London Entomological and Natura! History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, af 7 p.m. March 22nd, April 12th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘* Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural Histery Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygieue and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Bssex. RI IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/38. All communications to be addressed. to :— W. M. CRAWFORD, B.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S., Hon. Secy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. M. Crawford, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, W. Parkinson-Curtis, Rev. Canon Foster, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rev. G. Wheelar, Rev. E. B. Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, M. Niblett, Capt. E. A. Parsons, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, ‘“‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taentocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a Lepidopterist for 1890—Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus Mp Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. GCONTENTS OF VOL. II. Menanism and Mrtanocaroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on VaniATION (many)—How to breed dgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taentocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Generie nomen- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyamna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Yanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. Vol. APRIL, 1934 yy] LL ENTOMOLOGISTS RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION Epirep R. S. BAGNnaut, D.S8C., F.R.E.S. H. DonisTHoRPE, F.Z.8., F.R.U.8. with the Matcoum Burr, D.SC., F.R.E.S. T. BarnspricGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.@.8. ¥.Z.S., F.R.E.S. asistance of E. A. Cockayne, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S., H. E. Paas, F.R.©.8. F.B.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. J. K. Coun, J.P., F.R.E.8. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. BetHuNE-BAKER, F.Z.8., F.R.E.8. By Henry J. TURNER, F.2.£.8., F.R.H.8., Hditorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Lepidoptera at Maurin, Basses- BILE: France, W. Parkinson Curtis, F.R.E.S. (continued) Bie 5 Ao Sto eh sc a 37 Noctuae in 1933, A. J. Wightman, F.R.E.S. .. ais ie ac He 43 Notes on a List of Generic Names of British eae lle Cie ee F.R.E.S. ae : : 44 Nores on Contnectine.—Unusual second broods in 1933, H. A. Cockayne; A Note from Tangier, O. Querci; A Note from Portugal, O. Querci. .. 45 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, R.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. Be oe 46 The Colorado Beetle, J. C. F. Fryer, F.R.E.S. Ee Bc a0 By 48 SupeimmEents.—British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. — (3%1)-(324) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (9)-(12) The Colorado Beetle (with col. plate). Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. AN DREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.E.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED ‘by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.”’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. No 3 126 TELE PHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 N, "ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET cp. J H 1 LL & SO MANUFACTURERS, Have for! disposal Re-«conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Imsect Gabinets; also Gheap Storage Gabinets for Insects. Smeciicaciee and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WitumspEn 0309. A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. W. Bartletr, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. W. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R.S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. WW. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM GARTER, 13, Kimberiey Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. The Wayside and Woodland Series. BUTTERFLIES OF THE BRITISH ISLES By RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S.. late Editor of the‘ Entomologist.’ Cloth, gilt, containing a coloured examp’e of every species and many varieties. also half-tone illustrations of eggs. caterp llars, foo i-plants, ete., revised nomenclature and index of scient fic names. 7/6 net. FREDERICK WARNE & GG. LTD. 1-4, Bedford Gourt, London, W.C.2. ‘“ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECCRD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.H.S. sie Price, one copy, 1s. 0d. ; two, 1s. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kunneru J. Haywarp, F.R.E.S. Is. 3d. Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.8. (a few copies only) oc .. 8s. Od. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S. 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37-45 of Ent. Record, new series ; including "Special Index . BE ee =e ys Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be obtained post free from H. W. kno eee 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.H.9. LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 37 LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, FRANCE. (Addenda) By W. PARKINSON CURTIS, F.R.E.S. Zygaena trifolit, Hsp. ab. nigerrima, nov. ab. I should have preferred to call this nigra, unfortunately this name has already been applied to a North African race of trifolii which has a comparatively slight claim to the name and would have been better characterized by a geographical name. This aberration seems to be the logical development of ab. obscura, Tutt, Nat. Hist. Brit. Lep. Vol. L., p. 487 (1899) =nigricans, Oberthur, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1907, p. 221, fig. =trifolii, ab. obscura, Oberthur Lep. Comp. Vol. IIL., pl. xxviil., fig. 164 (1910) which is obviously (see Oberthtr J.c. Vol. iV., page 491) a figure taken from the specimen described by Tutt. The specimen figured as obscura in the H.M.M., Ser. II., Vol. XXII., plate III, fig. 1 (1911) would appear to be a step on the road to melanism further than the type itself as a comparison of the figures will show, and it is not, as Oberthur’s figure was, taken from the type itself but from a bred specimen, it is howevér very near indeed. I think Mr. Knight has got the Zygaenid richness of colour in his figure much better than Monsieur Culot has in his. The duck-green reflections in Mr. Knight’s figure are approximately the same here as they are in my specimen. My specimen does not show any of the brownish tone referred to by Oberthiir in Bull. Soc. Mnt. France, l.c. a translation of which latter description is as follows: ‘Ground of the upper wings and the margin of the hindwings remains a steely blue rather greenish and shining, whilst the spots on the forewings and the ground of the hindwings are a brown black very dark and more matt.” My specimen, taken in the lower part of the valley on the banks of R. Ubaye, is, I should think, the maximum possible development in a melanic direction and when | saw it on the wing | thought it was a dark specimen of Syntomis phegea, Li. and finding it a Zygaena thought it a species I was unacquainted witb, until Messrs. lWassnidge and Burras saw it and said no Huropean species. presented the facies and Fassnidge aud I referred it to trifolii. Burras thinks the elevation too great and thinks transalpina would be nearer the mark, Antennae, legs, tegulae, patagia, thorax, and abdomen the deepest black with hardly a trace of bluish slate-black reflections. Forewings, glossy metallic dull greenish-black No. 2, reflections at some angles cupreous, at other angles duck-green, cilia at certain angles duck-green, spotting normal, velvety matt surfaced, at some angles dead black almost indistinguishable, at other angles a very deep Indulin-blue. Hindwings match the forewing spotting but are not quite as velvety, the metallic blue terminal band of forma typica being distinguishable at certain angles by a duck-green reflection; cilia as in forewings. Underside black with Indulin-blue reflections slightly developed, the upper side spotting as matt patches ; the cilia and borders with duck green reflections. Type specimen, No, 23587, in mus. Curtis. Mesoagraphe itysalis, Wik. race maurinalis, nov. race. 38 ENTOMOLOGISY’S KECORD. 15.1V.1934 The position and identity of these specimens is not quite as satis- factorily settled as I could wish, for want of sufficient Asiatic material. It will simplify matters I think, if I first deal with material. Mr. N. Filipjev of Leningrad sent me two Mesographe costalis, Ev. g and ? —compared by him with Eversmann’s types and he also sent me a photograph of the type and co-type. These unfortunately are not suitable for reproduction. Herr Otto Bang-Haas one @ Mesographe hilaralis, Christ. compared with type. These two gentlemen have also kindly endeavoured to get more material unsuccessfully, though Mr. N. Filipjev has put me into communication with three lepidopteristsin Siberia, who may ultimately be able to procure material. Professor J. McDunnough of Ottawa very kindly sent me M. itysalis, Wlk., and 2 M. radiosalis, Méseh. Herr Otto Bang-Haas has very kindly compared one of the radiosalis with Moschler’s type in his possession and pronounces it to be in agreement with the type, whilst the U.S. Museum at Washington sent me 4 ttysalis, Wk. Mr. Fassnidge and I obtained 14 mawrinalis, two I sent to Mr. Meyrick, one I gave to the Brit. Museum, four I have retained but I think they will ultimately reach the latter place. Mr. Fassnidge has 7, two of which he will let me have to send to Leningrad as an exchange for the material obtained thence. Of ttysalis, WI1k., there are 5 in the B.M. A small g labelled Labrador ex Frey’s collection. Type of varieyata, Wlk., g bred from clover; a crippled undersized specimen from St. Martin’s Fall Quebec. Type of itysalis, Wlk. g also undersized from §t. Martin’s Falls (Juebec. Type of turmalis, Grote. g from Rio Colorado; very dark rather worn. One specimen of. itysalis ex- Walsingham collection labelled West U.S.A. 89-93 Camp 438-45, this last being the only presentable speci- men in the B.M. series. Three Asiatic specimens standing under various labels in the B.M. collection, which seemed referable here, did not prove helpful. Three specimens standing under aniatina, Butler, in the B.M. all from Chili, one the type of indistincta, Butler, one the type of melanosticta, Butler and a co-type, all three most certainly nothing to do with amatina, Butler. Mr. W. H. T. Tams has mounted the genitalia of one of my maurinalis and of the three Asiatic specimens which did not prove helpful, but felt that in the absence of ‘‘control’’ material it was unwise to attempt to use the genitalia of the three types standing under itysalis. Literature :—The following references have a distinct bearing on the problem. Botys costalis, Kdward Eversmann, “ Mittheilung uber EKinige neue Falter Russland’s,”’ Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Mosc. (1852) p. 166, No. 15. Botys hilaralis, H. Christoph. ‘‘ Neue Lepidopteren des Amurgebietes ”’ Op. Cit. (1881) p. 28, No. 70. Botys sedakowialis, K. Kversmann, Op. Cit. (1852) p. 166. (Note LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, 39 the description of costalis is by comparison with this species in part). Scoparia itysalis, Francis Walker, Lep. Ins. in B.M. Vol. XVII. p. 852, No. 88 (1859). Scoparta varieyata, Francis Walker, Op. Cit. Botys hyperborealis, H. B. Méschler. <“ Beitrag zur Schmetterlinge Fauna von Labrador,” Stett. Hint. Zeit. (1874) and op. cit. Vol. 44, p. 123 (1888) (by a typographical error printed hyber- boralis) by O. Staudinger. Deut. Ent. Zeit. Iris 8a. Dresden V. 1892. ‘‘Lepidopteren des Kentei Gebirges.” Botis turmalis, A. R. Grote. Can. Ent. Vol. XIII. (1881) p. 83. Pionea costalis, Ev. var. hilaralis, Chr., hyperborealis, Moschler; var alaicalis, and var. brunnealis, Von Furst A. Caradja. ‘ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der geographischen Verbreitung der Pyraliden und Tortriciden des europaischen Faunengebietes, nebst Beschreibung neuer Formen.” Deut. Ent. Zeit. Tris XXX. 1-88 (i. May 1916) Dresden page 33-34. Prince Caradja op. cit. p. 83, refers to var. hofmanni, Krulikowski Bull. Mose. 1904 p. 28 pl. I1., Fig. 6. There is something wrong with the reference for neither the Registrar of the Royal Ent. Soc. who has obligingly tried to find it, nor I, can trace the reference. Phlyctaenia tillialis, Dyar. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. XXVII. No. 1876, p. 916 (1904). Phlyctaenia itysalis, Dyar. loc. cit. Botys radiosalis, H.B., Méschler. op. cit. vol. 44, p. 123 (1883). Phlyctaenis itysalis, Barnes and MecDunnough. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. America, Vol. XI. page 214. (1914). Revationsuie :—Prince Caradja arranges the above as follows :— P. hyperborealis Moschl. Labrador. (a) forma simélissima. Sajan. var. hofmannt, Krul. (trans). (6) costalis, Ky. var. hilaralis, Christ. Siberia or m. Kentei (trans). (c) var. alaicalis, Car. Alai. (d) forma brunnealis, Car. Juldus. The result of my investigations and in the light of material from Maurin leads me to suppose that the relationship which will ultimately be proved to exist will be the following :— Mesographe costalis, Kversman. Irkutsk district. Siberia or. etm. Kentei. =hilaralis, Christ. =hyperborealis, Stgr. nec Moschler (a) forma similissima, Car. Sajan. ?=hoffmannt, Krul. (6) var. alaicalis, Car. Alai. (i.) forma (? var. or ab.) brunnealis, Car. Juldus. Mesographe itysalis, W1k. (a) race itysalis, W1k. N. America. =hyperborealis, Moschler nec. Stgr. =variegata, W1k. =turmalis, Grote. =tillialais, Dyar. 40 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.1V.1934 (b) race maurinalis, Curtis Alps of France. (c) ? race indistincta, Butler Chili. =melanosticta, Butler. (The last I add with some diffidence but the relationship is distinct and I feel that this species stands to itysalis, Wlk. in the same relation as costalis, Hv. does to itysalis). . Mesographe radiosalis, Moschler—North America. I think at present it is best to keep this apart for reasons hereafter stated. Dr. Staudinger the late Herr Bang-Haas and Herr Otto Bang-Haas are quite clear that costalis, Hv. =hilaralis, Christ. Dr. Staudinger loc. cit. put it beyond doubt that his hyperborealis from Kentei= hilaralis, Christ. (and it is therefore not hyperborealis, Mosch.) though I should be quite prepared to hear that hyperborealis, Stgr. from Kentei —brunnealis, Caradja. Since Moschler’s hyperborealis is from Labrador, it=itysalis, Wlk. which antedates it by 15 years. Variegata, W1k. and turmalis, Grote are quite obviously conspecific with the type of itysalis and with Frey’s specimen from Labrador, which Frey has only labelled Pyralis sp. Caradja writes of hyperborealis, Mosch. “mir im natura unbekannten.’’ Obviously he like me was embarrassed for want of material, at tie same time I feel that I am better off than he in that respect, as I have seen over 8 dozen specimens from divers localities in both hemispheres. Radiosalis, Mosch. is, Prof. McDunnough considers, identical in structure with itysalis and only differs in colour (but see a distinction as to cornuti), moreover, it is taken flying with itysalis. Herr Otto Bang-Haas has compared one of Prof. McDunnough’s radiosalis, Mésch. with the type in his possession and it agrees with it. As Dr. Dyar’s description of tillialis is so imprecise and full of lacunae as Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough loc. cit. point out there is nothing to distinguish it from itysalis. Since on his own admission Dr. Dyar had seen itysalis, his failure to get any tangible distinctions is the less excusable. The type is No. 7829 in the U.S. Nat. Museum and if the specimen can still be traced it would be interesting to have it compared with Walker’s type and other authentic material. Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough hesitate to sink tillialis, but as matters at present stand this seems to be the just and proper course and for the purposes of this description I sink it to itysalis. The differences in this little assemblage are so much a matter of degree, that I feel the most serviceable mode of defining the Alpine race is by comparing it with the costalis, Kv. and hilaralis, Christ. before me, and with the American specimens standing as itysalis, Wlk. that I have access to. This method is I am afraid a more lengthy business than a straight description, but I trust more precise. (1) Genitalia.—I have mounted 2 maurinalis, one compressed, one not; 3 itysalis, one compressed, one not, one lateral; one radiosalis and one costalis, the latter two both compressed. Unfortunately I compressed my only g costalis, Ey. before Mr. W.H. T. Tams pointed out to me, and, I realized the advantage of a greater depth of balsam, and the comparison is between compressed — mounts. I have however, exercised as much care in comparing to eliminate any appearance, which seemed to be due only to distortion, LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 41 as I could, and have checked where I could with uncompressed mounts. The uncus in all specimens terminates in a flat knob covered on the dorsal surface with coarse hair directed backward, giving the appearance of a comet with a short tail. In costalis these hairs are shorter and more regular than in maurinalis, whilst the knob-like end is perfectly circular in outline in costalis, it is inclined to come to a point in maurinalis, radiosalis and itysalis. The uncus is comparatively longer and slighter in costalis than that in mauwrinalis, and that not- withstanding that maurtnalis is much the larger insect. The lateral mount, as also an inspection of the uncus in a fair depth of fluid without compression, shows that the terminal knob isin reality much the form of a cobra’s head with the crestal lobes expanded, being really vertically shallow, but horizontally extended. This unfortunately is not very obvious in compressed mounts since one gets only a plan view and not an elevation. A lateral mount of itysalis shows distinctly that the uncus is shorter than costalis comparatively, but I cannot see any- thing tangibly different in the uneus of itysalis, radiosalis and mavwinalis. In all there isa large membraneous tubular structure below the uncus, which seems to be a subscaphium, but 1t is so soft and impalpable that I cannot place any reliance on its development as a guide. In all species the harpes are long and sickle-shaped with the upper edge strongly ehitinized, more so in costalis and vadiosalis than in maurinalis, and much more so than in itysalis. The lower edge of the base of the harpe however is also chitinized to a greater extent than the rest of the harpe, but in costalis is expanded so that the lower curve basally assumes a semi-circular shape. This is SO in a lesser degree in radiosalis. In maurinalis the expansion is so slight as to break the regularity of the curve but little. In itysalis this lower edge is irregular, and instead of an evenly flowing curve, there is a tendency to form decided angles where the direction changes; in one mount this is very marked. I am not however inclined to trust this as a character of taxonomic- value since, although it is borne out by the material before me, there seems to be a tendency to mdividual variability in this respect, and a long series of mounts might show that the individual variability overlapped. At the bese of the harpes rises a short free lobe. This rises a little nearer the upper edge than the lower edge. It is a rather fragile structure and requires careful demonstration. It appears to be capable of considerable free movement. In all my mounts of itysalis, radtosalis and maurinalis this process is directed down- wards, in costalis it is directed distad—I thought at first that this was a very marked character, but found that compression exaggerates the downward tendency in mauyinalis very much, and this coupled with the freedom of movement might easily lead to self deception, as the lobe is quite capable of turning over upon itself and this exaggerates the downward direction, it is necessary therefore to be careful not to distort this lobe in mounting. However, I am satisfied that its direction differs in the two species and I am satisfied that the hook at the end is more sudden and pronounced in 42 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1934 costalis than in the other three, though my mount of vadiosalis shows a slightly higher development than itysalis and maurinalis, without in any way reaching the stage of development attained in costalis. The terminal end of the harpe shows some variation. In the radtosalis before me, it is squarely truncate with well rounded corners, in one of the itysalis the upper angle is rounded and thereafter the edge falls away at an angle of about 60° to form an obtuse angle with the lower edge ; in two others there is a much nearer approach to the conditions shown by the cited radiosalis; in both compressed and uncompressed mounts of manrinalis this angularity is very evident, especially in the uncompressed mount, whilst in costalis this character is midway between the radiosalis and the itysalis. The penis in costalis has 6 cornuti of which 5 is very slender and 6 is evanescent. The penis is long, slight, and but little dilated basally. The penis in maurinalis has 7 cornuti, that nearest the base not as strong as the first one in costalis, the next 3 stronger, the last 3 becoming progressively shorter, the 7th being very short but very strong. The penis is slightly dilated at the base and this pertains in both compressed and uncompressed mounts. Radiosalis has 5 cornuti and a much dilated base, and of the 5 cornuti the 1st is short, the next three well developed, and the 5th quite strong and not very short. TItysalis has 5 cornuti, the first very long and strong, and the other 4 becoming progressively smaller; and itysalis appears to have just distad the cornuti a slight elongated hairy pad somewhat similar to that found in certain Zyyaenidae. The genitalia give the clearest distinction between costalis and maurinalis that I have so far been able to appreciate, hence | place them first. (2) Size. Hvyersmann l.c. says “ smaller than prunalis, Tr.” That species runs 21 to 24mm: the 38 costalis before me are 22 to 24mm. Ttysalis, Wik. lc. Walker says ‘10 lines” that is about 22mm. but Walker’s type is undersized. Grote /.c. says 27mm. and this is right for the type of turmalis and for the Walsingham specimen. Caradja l.c. says 27mm. for his alaicalis. Mawinalis runs from 382mm, to 33'5mm. the latter being a ?, it is therefore a much larger insect than costalis and larger than itysalis. Radiosalis is the same size as itysalts. (3) Ssare or Wine. It is perhaps unwise to base an inference on 8 specimens, but the 3 costalis before me vary but little in shape. The ztysalis in the B.M. vary a great deal, as do maurinalis slightly. However, Frey’s specimen, Grote’s turmalis and the Walsingham specimen are very much closer in shape to maurinalis than the type of itysalis or the costalis. Certain of the American and European speci- mens show a tendency to have an excavation in the costa just opposite the end of the cell; as this is sometimes only present on one side and seems usually unsymmetrical, it is evidently in the nature of recurrent malformation, but it is curious that there is no sign of it in the 3 Asiatic costalis. The 8 itysalis and 2 radiosalis, which were sent me from America and were captured wild, do not show this malformation. In maurinalis the costa springs away from the thorax with a slight curve and then runs straight as far as the reniform, after which the costa is slightly down curved. The apex is nearly right angled and NOCTUAE IN 1933. 43 the termen nearly straight, just the slightest bit curved, a little more so in the @ than in the g as far as vein 2 where it curves to the tornus, which is very obtuse. The dorsum is in some specimens nearly straight, but is usually downcurved below the discoidal. ‘The point is more pronounced in costalis than in maurinalis. The nett result is that mawrinalis has a wing which is nearly a right angled triangle with the costa as hypotenuse. The American examples have the wings the same shape as maurinalis but less ample, as compared with costalis, more truly triangular. The hindwings have a somewhat rounded apex, a termen evenly but not stronely curved as far as vein 2, after that strongly curved to the tornus, the tornal angle more acute in the ? than in the 3, so that she has relatively a longer dorsum than he. The two radiosalis before me show a slight tendency to reverse curvature of the termen between 4 and 6. (To be continued) Noctuae in 1933. By A. J. WIGHTMAN, F.R.E.S. (Continued.) Abrostola tripartita, Huf.—Although some hundreds of this species emerged from the larvae collected last autumn, all are exactly alike. Hividently the dark form wrticae, Hb. only occurs in certain localities ; all reared are referable to the type form. Nonagria neuwrica, Hb.—A few specimens were bred from wild larvae, and if these are a true guide to the form percentage occurring in the colony this year, the black ab. nigra, mihi. not noted at all when the species was discovered in 1908 nor the following fifteen years, has now almost entirely replaced the ab. fusca, Edelsten and ab. rufescens, Kdelsten, which are now of great rarity. But the typical form is still fully 50%. The ab. rufescens always was rather rare, and probably the form fusca was an intermediate stage between the type and ab. nigra and has automatically disappeared, or almost disappeared, with the establishment of the black form. This appearance of a black form is especially interesting in view of the fact that the allied JN. dissoluta, Scht. has colonies in which only the pale ab. arundineta occurs. In fact the blackish typical form seems always to have been very local, although about 50% in some places. It seems to me probable, that the reddish forms are the first stage in deviation from the pale forms, and it would be interesting to know if definitely red forms of dissoluta occur in localities from which the blackish type is absent. Coenobia rufa, Haw.—I again bred a considerable number of this species from wild pupae and beyond doubt this insect is a very close ally indeed of the Nonagrias (newrica, dissoluta, geminipuncta, algae and sparganit). I failed as on all previous occasions to get any form other than the deep reddish from typical form and must conclude that forms despecta, Gey.-Hb., pallescens, 'luttand fusca, Bankes, are absent from this locality (Pulborough). Xanthia gilvago, Hsp.—This species is evidently very scarce in West 44: ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1934 Sussex. I worked a number of localities for the larvae in the spring, but from some 200 larvae beaten from Wych Elm only 4 produced gilvago, all the rest producing Amathes ctrcellaris. These gilvago are of the usual British form suffusa, Pt., incidentally I noted that Strymon (Lhecla) w-album has a fairly wide area of distribution in West Sussex but is‘ apparently nowhere plentiful. Notes ow List of Generic Names of British Butterflies. By L. G. HIGGINS, F.R.E.S. The appearance of an official list of generic names of the British Butterflies, accompanied by a check list of species, issued with all the authority of the Royal Entomological Society and compiled by a sub- committee working in the British Museum, is an event of no little importance. It is a welcome step towards securing accuracy and uniformity in Nomenclature, and it is unfortunate that the list was apparently rather hastily compiled, and in several instances the accuracy of the conclusions is at least open to argument. If the List is to fulfil its object, it must be accepted and used by all. It is scarcely fair to expect this unless all sides of the questions are reviewed, if only with the object of disposing of alternative solutions to the many problems. While an adequate discussion is included in most cases where the choice of a name is determined by the individual opinion of the authors, there are certain questions of fact, which seem to merit more attention, the absence of which must provoke criticism. In the first place the genera of Billberg (Hniwn. Ins. 1820) ave included without comment. These names were published entirely without a description, but the list of species following is presumably accepted by the authors of the official List as an “‘ indication ’’ within the meaning of article 25a of the Code. The interpretation of the word “ indication” is defined in the first of the ‘“ Opinions” rendered by the International Nomen- clature Committee, as 1. a bibliographic reference, or 2. a definite citation of an earlier name for which a new name is proposed, or 8. the citation of a type species. In my opinion it is at least doubtful whether Billberg gave an adequate ‘“‘indication’’ as construed by the above Opinion. In the next place, the specification of types of the following three important genera will scarcely be accepted by many entomologists. Genus 4. Saryrus, Latreille. 1810. The correct generic type appears to be ‘‘ le Satyre”’ of Geoffroy and of the early French authors. This is P. maera, Linn.= Pap. satyrus, Retzius 1788, which therefore becomes type by absolute tautonomy under Article 30d. Genus 9.. Areynnis, Fabricius. 1807. Latreille in 1810 specified paphia and Melitaea cinvia. Of these only paphia was included in the original genus by Fabricius. The compilers of the new List do not accept Latreille’s specifications where more than one species is cited. In this case the correct type of Argynnis would! be aylaja specified by Curtis in 1830 (Brit. Aint.) NOTES ON COLLECTING. 45 It is I think unfortunate that the subcommittee did not take the opportunity of defining a little more clearly the limitations of the definition of types in Latreille’s Considérations générales under Opinion 11 of the Code. In the above instance if Melitaea cinxia is not to be taken as included under 4rgynnis it must become a specification of the type of Melitaea, FP. Genus II. Metirana, Fabricius. 1807. The type was specified as athalia (leucippe) by Dalman in 1816. This is in order since maturna, Fab.=athalia, Rott. et auct., which is therefore a species originally included in the genus. The identity of Fabrician maturna is sufficiently clear from the description of the larva given in the Mantissa Insectorum and from the figures cited in the Entomologia Systematica. With regard to the specific names introduced no doubt hyperanthus is a misprint for hyperantus, which is correct. The author of Papilio flava 1768 is Pontoppidan and not Brunniche, at any rate I cannot find the name in the works of the latter author. It is extremely doubtful whether Papilio sylvestris, Poda should be identified with linea, W.V. In my opinion it is either comma, L. or sylvanus, Esp. and it has been so identified by all previous authors. The description is scarcely sufficient to distinguish between these two, but the fact that the silver spots on the under surface of the hindwings are not mentioned suggests sylvanus, as does the very word sylvestris, as this insect is much more likely to occur in woodland surroundings. The adoption of this name would overcome the difficulty of flnding a substitute for the preoccupied sylvanus of Kisper, and it is far more suitable than the venata of Bremer and Gray, which is doubtfully conspecific with our British skipper. JOTES ON COLLECTING, ete. Unusuat sEconD BROODS IN 1983.—Minoa murinata, L. (euphorbiata, Schiff.). From eggs laid on 4th June by a female taken in Surrey I bred a single female on 19th August. Thera cognata, Thnbg. A larva beaten from juniper near Ballater in September pupated on 24th October and the imago emerged on 13th November. June is the usual date for larvae in this district and moths appear about the middle of July.—K. A. Cockayne, 116, Westbourne Terrace, W.2. A Notre rrom Tancier.—The weather is cold. We have seen on the wing only Anthocharis belemia, Pieris rapae, and Rumicia phlaeas. At night no moth has come to light.—O. Qurrc, February, 1934. A Nore From Portucan.—My collection of Pieris rapae is a wonderful one. I believe that in Europe it is not possible to get a similar one. Last year I took some thousand specimens in winter, but later I found only 18 in six months and the females laid very few eggs; the larvae were idle and preferred rather to die than eat. In the summer of 1983 I obtained but 46 ENTOMOLOGISI’S RECORD. 15.1V.1984 a single pupa of P. rapae and the life-cycle was 45 days, instead of 18 to 26, as with the American form. American females of P. rapae would not mate with the Portuguese males in spite of many attempts.—O. Quercr, March, 1984. Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. It is noted—(1) That the British National Committee on Entomo- logical Nomenclature is completely ignored. (2) That the List was issued hurriedly in the absence abroad of Dr. K. Jordan, whose knowledge and experience in nomenclatorial matters are sound and dependable and whose advice would have satisfied much of the strong objection and criticism of the List which has reached us. (8) The ridiculous and dependent position taken up in appealing to the zoologists for a favourable recognition of the List. (Hence the List cannot become final until those who are ignorant of entomological literature and matters have given their assent to it.) (4) In such an important issue a rough draft of the List should have been circulated to all those lepidopterists known to have interested themselves in the nomenclature of British Lepidoptera, for their remarks and suggestions, before it was issued as a final product. In the Systema Naturae (1758) of Linnaeus, the author, in Lepi- doptera, did not use Binomial Nomenclature except in the case of Sphina. He writes Papilio Eques priamus, Papilio Heliconius apollo, Papilio Danaus anacardii, Papilio Nymphalis to, Papilio Plebejus* cupido, Papilio Barbarus bates, etc., etc. Sphina ocellatus | Phalaena Bombyx aie He called these six divisions Phalanges (Phalanx). Looking at these six names, to us they cannot be binomial but trinomial, In reality the name Papilio denoted the whole section of Butterflies and was not used in the sense we now call a genus. The six names Hques, Heliconius, Danaus, Nymphalis, Plebetus, and Barbarus were from the modern point of view the generic names and occupy that position next above the species name. In fact it was not until 1761 in the F'n. Swecica that Linnaeus used the name Papilio in the true generic sense at the same time using the above six ‘ phalanx’’ names in a higher classificatory sense. In fact he reversed his action of 1768. Hence Papilio as a genus name should date from 1761 and not from 1758. It has been customary throughout the ages to ignore the above facts. The order of the names does not concern our present purpose and we have re-arranged the names of the List issued under the auspices of the late J. W. Tutt and his fellow workers, in the order of the new List. * The Latin is rightly spelled Plebeitus=common. I believe that the i and 7 were used indiscriminately for the soft vowel sound in the 18th century. NOMENCLATURE. THE LIST. 47 Anosia, Hb. archippus, L. becomes Danaus, Kluk. plewippus, L. Papilio plewippus, Linn., 1758, is misleading and incorrect, and should be Papilio Danaus plexippus, Linn., 1758. Had the date been that of the Fauna Suecica it would have been quoted correctly. Linnaeus is misquoted thus throughout. The name plexippus was discussed by N. D. Riley (1928 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 454), but from his omission to consider ertppus, Cr., he was apparently ignorant of the very full and able investigation by Dr. Buckell, given in the Ent. Rec. and Jr. of Variation, Vol. V., p. 1 (1894), which concludes as follows :— “1.—The balance of argument is against the claim that the American insect is the pleaippus of Linnaeus.” [Linnaeus in 1758, Sys. Nat., and in all his subsequent works, persists in his statement that the forewings have a white fascia like chrysippus. | “«2.—The earliest name given to that species was erippyus, Cram., and if the law of priority is to be pedantically adhered to, this is the trivial name that must be adopted.” “ 3.—The Fabrician name, archippus, is that by which the species has been most widely known, and as changes in accustomed nomen- clature are to be deprecated, and as, moreover, erippus, Cram., is a varietal form found in Brazil, archippus should be retained as the trivial name of the species, and ertppus used as the name of the variety.” It is quite evident that this last conclusion is quite «wltra vires. That the prior name is erippus if that imsect be conspecific. If not then another name must befound. Although we have always followed the multitude and called the American insect plexippus.. But we do think that it should be legalised, if used, by being entered into the ““reservanda’”’ list. As to the generic name Danaus, Kluk was not the author. It was used as a phalanx (genus?) name by Linnaeus. If it be necessary to register Kluk as a reviser surely one should acknowledge the original author; such as Danaus, Linn, (Kluk) for example. As to Anosia as a generic name | note that it is not until recently that the priority rule has been strictly applied to genera. The List gives a reference for Danaus ‘1933, Entomologist, Vol. 66, p. 282.” I fail to find it there !! All the Linnaean specific names are quoted erroneously as binomials instead of trinomials. Pararge, Hb. egeria, L. becomes Pararge, Hb. aegeria, L. and Pararge, Hb. megaera, L. becomes Pararye, Hb. megera, L. The official rectification of errors we pointed out years ago. Why these errors were made is an enigma. The spelling in Linnaeus is plain enough. Melampias, Hb. epiphron, Knoch. becomes Hrebia, Dalm. epiphron, Knoch. Erebia, Dalm. aethiops, Esp. remains Hrebia, Dalm. aethiops, Esp. There does not seem any necessity to retain Melampias, and it is rightly dropped. Melanargia, Meig. galatea, L. becomes Satyrus, Latr. yalathea, L. Another inexplicable error of spelling, officially rectified here. As to Satyrus, it is not available according to the Zoologists’ Rules having been used in Mammalia (teste Scudder). An absolutely 48 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1V.1934 unnecessary and pedantic use of the Rule. Arye, Hb. has been used, but rejected as being used in Hymenoptera. In this case the Rule is needed as confusion may arise and thus Arye must fall. In the case of Satyrus there is no chance of confusion arising, hence Satyrus appears correct. But some unbending advocate for ‘‘rule above convention ’’ will sure to cause trouble in the future and it may prove impolitic to use it. No doubt everyone is sorry to lose Melanargia, a fine descriptive name for a very ‘“‘ homogeneous group.” (To be continued.) The Colorado Beetle. Readers of this journal are no doubt already aware that the notorious Colorado Beetle has again been discovered in Kngland and that the Ministry of Agriculture is taking drastic measures in an attempt to secure its eradication. With the continued spread of the pest in France and its approach to the northern coasts of that country, occasional out- breaks in Great Britain must, unfortunately, be anticipated. If such outbreaks can be detected at an early stage, their suppression should be possible, but on the other hand the task of eradicating a well established colony is certain to be difficult and may even prove insuperable. Early detection is thus the crux of the whole matter, and in this the collaboration of the general public, and especially of those members who have entomological knowledge, will be of the utmost value. The Editors of this journal have, therefore, very kindly agreed to include with this issue a copy of the Ministry’s leaflet dealing with the pest, and to insert this note asking entomologists to keep a watch for the insect. The leaflet, for obvious reasons, is written for the general public and not for entomologists, most of whom are already familiar with the appearance and life history of the beetle. The coloured plate, however, may proye useful to readers of this journal to show to those who have no knowledge of the appearance of the pest; in this connection experience suggests that the points for special emphasis are: (1) the “fore and aft’ stripes on the elytra, (2) the size of the beetle, and (8) the fact that the insect attacks the foliage and not the tubers themselves. Further copies of the leaflet can be obtained on application to the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 10, Whitehall Place, 5. W.1. Finally, a brief reference may be made to the loss that would be caused by the permanent establishment of the Colorado Beetle in Great Britain, a point about which there is still some misunderstanding. Where the pest is numerous it is necessary to spray all potato crops with an arsenical insecticide at least three times during the growing season, and the cost of this spraying would form an additional charge on production, that would partly perhaps, largely, be reflected in the price of potatoes to the consumer. At present England, as compared with some other countries, is fortunate in the less frequent spraying that is necessary to grow a good crop of potatoes, and it is therefore in the interests of all to prevent the establishment of the beetle and so retain this advantage for as long as possible.—J. OC. F. Fryer, Director, Plant Pathological Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture. Advisory Leaflet No. 71. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES. The Colorado Beetle.* The Colorado Beetle is a dangerous foreign potato pest, which in spite of all precautions has twice appeared in this country. If it is allowed to establish itself, potato growers will be faced with heavy expenses in spraying, and it is therefore of the utmost importance that all growers should know what the insect looks like and how to deal with it when found. Appearance of Pest.— The pest, when first discovered, may be in the beetle stage or it may be a grub; the coloured picture shows both beetles and grubs //e size. Any striped beetle resembling that shown on the picture should be regarded with suspicion, as should any red or reddish-yellow grub ¢hat is found feeding upon potato leaves. What to do.—The Colorado Beetle Order of 1933 re- quires the occupier of any land in or on which the Colorado Beetle exists or is suspected to exist to give notice in writing to the Ministry with all practicable speed. If, therefore, suspected Colorado Beetles or grubs are discovered, specimens should be placed in a tin boxt with a piece of potato leaf, and the box should be sent at once to the Ministry of Agriculture, 10, Whitehall Place, London, S.W.1, with a letter stating the exact place where the insects were caught and the name and address of the finder. No other steps should be taken until instructions are received from the Ministry. What NOT to do.— The Colorado Beetle Order of 1933 prohibits the keeping of any live Colorado Beetles and the spraying or other treatment, except under authority from the Ministry, of any crop infested or suspected of being infested with the Colorado Beetle. It is, therefore, especially important that, until instructions have been given by the Ministry’s Inspectors, the crop should xoz be sprayed or interfered with in any way, as this is likely to cause the beetles to spread. Apart from the specimens sent to the Ministry, no beetles or grubs should be re- moved. The object of all these measures is to keep the insect confined to as small an area as possible, so that it may be eradicated without loss of time. How the Insect Lives.— The Colorado Beetle spends the winter deeply buried in the soil—at a depth of 10-12 in. in average soils. In late spring or early summer it works its way to the surface and flies in search of potato crops, * Leptinotarsa decemiineata, Say. + Holes should not be punched in the box. BA WNY): Advisory Leaflet No. 71. 2 travelling if necessary for distances of several miles. On reaching a crop, the beetles feed upon the potato leaves and the females lay clusters of eggs on the leaves, the majority being attached to the underside. Ina few days the eggs hatch into grubs, which also feed upon the potato leaves. After about three weeks the grubs are full grown, and descend into the soil where they turn into pupae. Ten to fifteen days later they undergo a further and final change into adult beetles. Towards the end of July and during August, these beetles burrow up to the surface, feed, and if the weather is warm, lay eggs that produce a further generation of beetles before the haulm dies off in the autumn. As summer draws to a close, the beetles burrow down again into the soil and stay there for the winter. The effect upon the potato crop depends upon the number of beetles and grubs present; when there are many, the haulm is completely stripped of leaves and no tubers worth digging are formed. Some Points of Interest.—A characteristic of the Colorado Beetle is its adaptability to different climatic conditions, as 1s shown by the fact that 1t occurs almost throughout the North American continent, in climates that range from sub-tropical to cold and from wet to dry. On six occasions it has established itself in Germany and has with difficulty been stamped out. In 1901 it effected a settle- ment at Tilbury but drastic measures secured its eradica- tion in 1902. About 1920 the pest founded a colony near Bordeaux in France and since then has been spreading northwards, destroying the potato crops wheresoever it has been neglected. Finally, in the autumn of 1935 a small outbreak was discovered in England, again at Tilbury, and drastic measures to meet the situation were at once put into force. These facts show that the beetle is only too likely to settle in England if it is given the chance. If it became established, potato growers. would be faced with considerable additional expense in spraying, and therefore no efforts should be spared to prevent such a misfortune. With this end in view, it is of the utmost importance that any beetles which may arrive should be detected before they have had time to multiply, since otherwise eradication will prove a lengthy, 1f not an impossible task. 10, Whitehall Place, London, S.W.1. January, 1934. LONDON: 1934 PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 120, George Street, Edin- burgh 2; York Street, Manchester 1; 1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff; 80, Chichester Street, Belfast; or through any Bookseller. Price 1d. Net per copy, or 9d. Net per dozen copies. Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office y The Sidney Press Ltd., Bedford. Wt. 2539/2351 25,000 1/34 S. P. Ltd. T.51-4874. B,C. FREENAN, COLORADO BEETLE: Attacked potato haulm, showing two egg clusters, grubs and adult beetle; and (left) adult beetle, pupa and grub (all natural size). All MS. and HDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send ws communications InuNTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require In.usrrRarions are inserted on condition that the AUTHOR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. ‘They should be sent to Mr. Hy, J. Turner, ‘* Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicaties.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. . Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. ExcuanGrs.—Living Hggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Hrfurt, Weimar, Street 18, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea vy. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago vy. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of Huropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.—All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—Living larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa queretis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, griseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, ete.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojfner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehdrde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. Wantep.—Papered Lepidoptera and Coleoptera of all species wanted in exchange for papered insects, some rare, from Japan.—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-Avon. Duplicates.— Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species. Desiderata.—Living larvae: please send list of species obtainable.—A. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, 8.W. 7. S8p.-m. May 2nd, June 6th. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. April 26th, May 10th, 24th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘' Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. e The London Natuval History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/8. All communications to be addressed to :— W. M. CRAWFORD, B.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S., Hon. Secy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. M. Crawford, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, W. Parkinson-Curtis, Rev. Canon Foster, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rey. G. Wheelar, Rev. EH. B. ~ Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, M. Niblett, Capt. HE. A. Parsons, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, ‘¢ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of MWelitaea athalia, parthenie, and awrelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taeniocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a Lepidopterist for 1890—NLifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hispidus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. GONTENTS OF VOL. II. Mrnanism aND Mrtanocaroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on VaRiaTIon (many)—How to breed Agrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taeniocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Generic nomen- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyemna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Yanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. fo whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. ? ‘Subscriptions for 1934 are now due. JUNI 1934 Vol. XLVI. MAY, 1934 Up ENTOMOLOGISTS. RECORD | AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION i Epitep R. S. BaGNawl, D.SC., F.R.E.S. H. DonistHoRPH, F.Z.8., F.R-E.8. Bath the Matcomm Burr, D.Ssc., V.R.E.S. T. BaInsriacGE FLETCHER, B.N., F.L.S., Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.4.S. F.Z.8., F.R.E.S. lassistance of | 1. A. Cockaynn, a.u., D.m., F.R.F.S., | H.W. Paan, v.R.n.s. F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.1.S. J. Hi. Cousin, J.P., F.R.E.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R.-E.S., F.Z.8. Editor Hmeritus.—G. T. Berahune-BakER, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. : By Henry J. TURNER, F.2.u.S., F.R.H.S., Hditorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Lepidoptera at Maurin, Basses-Alpes, France, W. Parkinson Curtis, F.R.E.S. (continued) a oo O° oe : oc 49 P. littoralis subsp. anetensis, n.ssp., Hy. J. Turner, F.R.H.S. ae a 52 Notes on Collecting in Norfolk in 1932 and 1933, Capt. C.Q. Parsons .. d3 Collecting Butterflies in Orissa, India, W. M. Crawford, F.R.E.S. Pa a4 Donegal in 1933, Rev. Canon Foster, B.D. an Se By ae He 55 Current Notes .. a a, ue oe gc Go O06 ae 57 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, R.R.E.S., F.R.A.S. ae , 58 ReEview.— Creation’s Doom ee BS es ax ce wa Oe 60 SuPPLEMENTS.—British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (325)-(328) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (13)-(16) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon, Treasurer, H. W, ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.E£.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). ® Watkins & Doncaster : (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera.of the World.’’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. No. 126 THELEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 —_— ee ENTOMOLOGIGAL GABINET HE J ‘a I bike & SO N, MANUFACTURERS, Have for disposal Re-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Insect Cabinets; also Cheap Storage Gabinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WituEspEn 0309. THE VASCULUM A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R-E.S., A. VW. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Se., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S-, J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R-S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. VV. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM CARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastie-on-Tyne. NOW READY BRITISH BEETLES Their Homes and Habits BY : NORMAN JOY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.E.S., M.B.O.U. (Author of ‘‘ A Practical Handbook of British Beetles.’’) Illustrated with 4 full-page photographic plates, 27 plates of repre- sentative Species and numerous text diagrams. Size 8 in. by 52 in. Cloth Gilt, 5/- net. FREDERICK WARNE & CO, LTD., 1-4, Bedford Court, London, W.C.2. “ENTOMOLOGIST’S REGORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. ae Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, 1s. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kennury J. Hayvwarp, F.R.H.S. 1s. 3d. Hibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S8. (a few copies only) Be .. 35s. Od. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37- AB of Ent. Record, new series ; including ‘Special Index . an ee Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be obtained post free ae H. W. ARiege 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.E 9. LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, 49 LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, FRANCE. (Addenda) By W. PARKINSON CORTIS, F.R.E.S. Cotoration anp Markings. The markings in the Pyralidae seem to have no common denom- inator, but in the assemblage under consideration the pattern is best described by assuming the common basis to be, (i) a basal line, (ii) an antemedial line, (iii) a discoidal, (iv) a reniform, (v) a median shade, (vi) a post-medial line, (vii) a prae-subterminal shade, (viii) a marginal row of points. No. v. is perhaps miscalled ; where sufficiently developed to be clearly demarked, it commences as a wide suffusion between reniform and post-medial line, narrows and passes below the the reniform as far as the space between the discoidal and reniform, and thence expands toward the dorsum, where it is usually wide and fairly distinct. All the species are matt surfaced, not glossy. The general tone is materially different. Costalis is predominantly a chalky white. Hversmann emphasizes ‘the whole wings.” Christoph. in his description of hilaralis speaks of them as chalky, the photographs of the costalis type bear this out as do the three specimens before me. In maurinalis the tone is predominantly pinker, being very near a pale pinkish-buff in the forewings, and a very pale cartridge-buff in the hindwings. In itysalis the tone is yellower and colder being degraded ivory- white with a raw-sienna tinge. In only one of the ttysalis before ne is this cold tone in the least relieved by a warmth and then the tone is a warm yellowish rather than pinkish. In radiosalis the tone is a very cold dove-grey with the markings of a sepia tone. ‘This pinky tone pervades the dark markings of maurinalis as well, so that costalis appears to be marked vandyke or sepia in the dark tones and honey-yellow in the paler tones. Mawrinalis with burnt-umber or warm-sepia in the dark tones, and light ochraceous- salmon or light vinaceous-cinnamon in the paler tones, whilst itysalis is a cold-sepia and raw-umber in the dark tones, and a raw-sienna in the light tones and radiosalis even colder. Maurinalis is consequently much the most pleasing to the eye. All these have some grey blue scaling of the Russian Blue (XLII) hue, this is much stronger in maurinalis than in the others. On analysis the whole colour effect of all species is based on these three tones. There is one proviso that | should like to make here, lest others may think I have overlooked it, that | do not consider mere hue has always a real taxonomic value, and the characters that have such value will always be a matter of debate, but I do feel that the hue coupled with the structural differences shewn by my material and the compulsory want of syngamy due to distribution (except with itysalis and radiosalis) render it wise to treat this assemblage, as I have done, until better information and longer study show my conclusions to be erroneous. 50 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V.19384 (i.) Basan Line. Costalis: A dark brown costal mark directed toward tornus rarely reaching below sub-costal. Maurinalis: A similar mark reaching subcostal and sometimes submedian, occasionally extended further by a semation of brown scales normally standing on a light ochraceous suffusion. Itysalis: Usually so ill-developed as to be merely a dark mark on the subcostal; semation of scales and suffusion not traceable. Radiosalis: The two before me shew the minimum development of a slight mark on the costa and a slight spot below the subcostal. (ii.) ANtemeDIaL Line. Costalis: A few black scales on the costa and sub-costal and a few more toward the dorsum. Maurinalis : Usually easily traceable from costa to dorsum—starts as a strong dark mark on costa, then its course is marked by dark scales obliquely from costa to vein 2 where it is angled sharply distad incurved to 1b and again excurved to la with a strongish dark mark on tornus. Itysalis: Similarly developed to maurinalis. Radiosalis: Similar to mauwrinalis but not so well developed, but yet better developed than in costalis. (iii.) Drscorpat. Costalis: Shaped like an hour glass vertically compressed, central dark dot with pale ring, the four projections above and below which give the hour glass shape dark scaling; clearly detached from the ground ; annular mark very pale blue and very clear. Maurinalis: Shape and coloration similar to costalis, not clearly detached from ground; inclined to be suffused ; outlines often obscured by scattered dark scales; annular mark very dark Russian Blue. Itysalis: Shape and coloration similar to costalis, development very variable; clearly detached from ground; little inclined to be suffused ; outlines rarely obscured except in the very darkest specimens ; less blue and less strong in tone of blue than mawrinalis. Radiosalis: Similar to itysalis clearly detached from ground; blue difficult to trace ; almost unicolorous with dove grey ground. (iv.) Renirorm. Costalis: Larger than discoidal ; hour-glass shaped after the same pattern as discoidal and effect produced in the same way; the ear shape picked out in pale blue and very clear; centre dark; outer dark ring well detached from ground. Maurinalis: Shape and coloration similar to costalis more heavily marked ; blue much darker and very obscure not easy to trace; outer dark ring suffused and obscured by half tone and odd black scales. Itysalis: Shape and coloration similar to costalis more heavily marked especially so in dark specimens similar to the type of turmalis ; blue usually paler but slightly developed as a rule; markings not obscured as in maurinalis by the half tones. Radiosalis: Shape and coloration similar to costalis, but relatively small, not being very markedly larger than the discoidal; the blue fairly well developed but dull in tone; outer ring clearly marked not obscured by the half tone. LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 51 (v.) Mepran Swaps. Costalis: Very slightly developed between reniform and postmedial ; only traceable to dorsum in one specimen and in the photograph of the type. Maurinalis: Well developed as a rule between reniform and post- medial, traceable below reniform in all specimens but one, in 50% carried to the dorsum ; consists of the half tone with a semation of dark scales which ave often most marked on the dorsum even extending basad to the antemedial line and distad to the post-medial line. Ttysalis: Not much more developed than in costalis, in only one out of 138 specimens examined reaching dorsum, wholly of the halt tone, semation of dark scales obsolete or obsolescent ; in the type of turmalis notwithstanding the development of the costal streak almost wholly so. Radiosalis: This shade is not traceable as a separate entity as the wing space from the base to beyond the reniform is almost uniform hair brown with a few grey scales and a few scattered dark ones. (vi.) Postmepiat Line. Costalis: A series of dark dots in the interneural spaces outwardly curved from costa to vein 3 then oblique to dorsum immediately below reniform; enclosed in pale lunules with their vertices terminad ; separated by the darker veins ; rarely well developed, usually obsolescent ; darkening of the veins hardly traceable. Moschler /.c. says these spots stand on the nervures but they do not unless one renders the wing transparent with something like benzine or toluol; it is very easy to make this error as the interneural folds are easier to trace than the nervures and the wings are heavily sealed. Maurinalis: Usually well developed one or more and sometimes all of the dark marks lunular enabling the line to be clearly traced ; darkening of the veins very decided; markings often produced basad by a few dark scales. Itysalis : Very variable ; usually ill-developed, often hardly traceable as e.g. in type of turmalis which only has two dots opposite the end of the cell; in one specimen from Toulmin Co., California however, it is developed as a continuous line of arcuate markings. Radiosalis: Consists of fairly well developed lunules of dark scaling standing on a ground of light gull grey. (vil.) PRAESUBTERMINAL SHADE. Costalis: This is of the half tone shade ; is usually well developed occupying the whole space between the pale lunules of the postmedial and the margin most strongly marked between 2 and 6. Maurinalis: Save for being a little softer at the edges and not so harshly marked presents no differential features. Itysalis: Similar to mawrinalis, but often carrying a series of lunular dark marks sometimes highly developed. Radiosalis : Similar in extent to costalis very even in tone divided by the dull grey nervures. (To be concluded.) 52 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V.19384 Polychrosis littoralis subsp. annetensis, n.ssp. A new form of a Micro-lepidopteron. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. Dr. H. Douglas Smart, F.R.E.S. asked me to identify a few micro- lepidoptera for him. Among them was a couple of Tortrices from Annet Island in the Scillies, which had been obtained flying in abundance over Armeria and heath. I could not place them to any species, which I knew, and went to the British Museum (Natural History) where after considerable research Mr. Stringer was convinced by close examination and structure that they must be a form of the fairly common coast frequenting species Polychrosis (Sericorts) littoralis, Wstwd. (Curt.). The insects are small in size for this species, and apparently of a uniform reddish brown tinge and in some lights show reddish fasciae alternating with grey fasciae when examined with a lens. Meyrick says :—‘‘ Forewings elongate, narrow, ochreous, or pale greyish ochreous, sometimes rosy tinged; costal edge whitish, strigulated or spotted brownish; marking ochreous brownish, or ferruginous; basal patch with edge more or less obtusely angulated, usually black-marked towards dorsum ; central fascia narrow, some- times partially black-marked, posterior edge often angulated ; a fasciate blotch before termen connected with apex and tornus.” ‘This however only denotes the typical form and allows for no variation. Dr. Smart has since very kindly sent me a short series for my collection. A male was submitted to Mr. F. N. Pierce for examination and he kindly confirmed the identification remarking “The genitalia show no difference from those of littoralis. They are identical. I think there is no doubt it is this species, the genitalia are rather marked and could not be confounded with any other species known to me.”’ This new form is so strikingly different that I think it may be given subspecific status, and I have named it annetensis from the locality in which it appears apparently exclusively and in considerable numbers. There is much variation in the general tone of the coloration from ‘‘ ochreous or pale greyish ochreous ” through shades of brown, tinged with slight reddish, to conspicuously dark blackish brown which might well be termed annetensis-nigrescens signifying that the aberrative form name applies only to the subspecies and not to the ordinary specific form, which hitherto has been found to be most invariable. To be codifically accurate the authority should be littoralis, Westw., and not Curtis, who only gave the species a name without any des- cription. It was first described and figured by Westwood in British Moths, IL. p. 148, plt. 88, f. 18 (1845). The name came first in Curtis Guide, a bare list of species. It being the exclusive and predominant form of the species in the restricted area of the Scilly Islands, it can reasonably be called a ‘‘ subspecies’ and not simply a “ race.” NOTES ON COLLECTING IN NORFOLK. 53 Notes on Collecting in Norfolk in 1932 and 1933. Dy Carr. C. Q. PARSONS. Commencing on the 7th July 1932 I spent a week at a hotel overlooking the Hunstanton Golf Course. At Valerian blossom in the garden I took Theretra porcellus, which was common though worn, also Neuria reticulata (3), Hecatera serena, Plusia festucae (1), P. moneta, P. iota and P. chrysitis. On the 10th moths swarmed at the electric light in my bedroom, Cosmotriche potatoria was abundant, Agrotis corticea, Mamestra albicolon worn, M. persicariae, H. serena, Leucania comma and Lygris mellinata Eb. (associata, Bork.), were also amongst the numbers. Sugaring the Marram Grass did not meet with much success, except for Miana strigilis and one or two Leucania litoralis. Agrotis ripae, unfortunately was nearly over, but by the light of a petrol lamp I got Tapinostola elymi in beautiful condition ; this latter species being common and the hunting more exciting than the time spent sugaring the Marram grass. On the 14th I moved to Brancaster Staithe staying in most comfortable cottage rooms kept by a Mrs. Peel, about a mile from Brancaster golf course and marshes. In the latter in its typical form Acidalia emutaria was common. On the night of the 21st I paid a visit to Scolt Head going over in a rowing boat, manned by one of the villagers, as it is divided from the main land by over a mile of salt marsh and at high tide this is practically covered by the sea, and therefore the only feasible way of reaching this occasional island. I took a petrol lamp and worked a small hillock, a perfect mass of ragwort. C. potatoria was in great profusion also Cerigo matura, of which I took one specimen in the act of growing its wings. 4. vestigialis and A. tritici were fairly common: one solitary privet bush attracted a 2 Pericallia syringaria. Ova obtained from an almost typical Arctia caja produced some specimens with a predominance of brown in the forewings, and one with the underwings much paler than the type. On the 21st July, 1938, I again stayed at Brancaster Staithe. A visit to the marshes at Brancaster on the Ist August yielded a perfect specimen of Nenagria dissoluta var. arundineta, some very pretty saltern forms of what I take to be Hydroecia paludis and several Coenobia rufa. The next night at Holme-next-the-sea Calamia phragmitidis was plentiful on the reeds beside the road leading across the golf course. Light attracted a lovely Charaeas graminis and a very diminutive Hydroecia micacea. On the 8th Ang. an excursion to Scolt Head revealed the ragwort completely parched owing to the drought ; but sugaring the marrams produced several nice forms of A. tritici and Hadena chenopodit in varying shades, as well as Lithosia complana, M. strigilis and C. matura, The last species I kept for ova, which obliged without any persuasion. The larvae were full fed in November, the colour fading. Harly in January I made slight excavations in the breeding cage and unearthed a caterpillar. I don’t know if in their natural state, when they become fullfed in the spring, whether they remain some time before changing or not. 54 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V.1934 I only took one A. cursoria during my stay, at light. Caterpillar hunting whilst in Norfolk in 1933 was distinctly unprofitable (in 1932 I did not pay much attention to it) with the exception of a full fed caterpillar of Deilephila ygalii, already losing its colour, given me by a caddy found on the Brancaster golf course. Unfortunately at the time I didn’t recognise it, and did not trouble to ask the exact spot where it was found. It was only on reaching home that I discovered its identity. Under considerable persuasion from my wife, as being of a pessimistic disposition I argued any remaining larvae would have already burrowed, we spent some time the following day searching but without even finding any traces, a rather hopeless task as the links are a mile in length and we were obliged to keep to either edge. A further search on the course itself after dark proved equally unprofitable. At Holme there are some hundred poplar trees varying from about 6 to 14 feet in height ; careful inspection revealed few traces of larvae and only one Hnnomos alniaria, which emerged in due course ; a rather unusual foodplant I thought. On an old established poplar in Hunstanton I found one Acronicta megacephala. The larvae of A. ripae were prolific on the sand-hills. One pepper coloured geometer caterpillar found on marram grass, which in con- finement transferred to coarse grasses, must I think have been Aspitates ochrearia (citraria). Hunting on the bireches on Sandringham heath only resulted in Drepana falcataria and Cosymbia (Ephyra) pendularia. Collecting Butterflies in Orissa (Bihar and Orissa), India. By W. M. CRAWFORD, F.RB.E.S. (Concluded from page 30.) HEsPERUDAER. I did not know much about these while I was collecting in Orissa, largely owing to my having no books describing them. No great effort was, therefore, made to form a complete collection, ! cannot say to what extent particular species were common or otherwise, but the following is a list of the species obtained. 148. Hasora vitta, Btlr. ssp. indica, Evans. (Seitz says ‘hardly separable as a species form from alewis, Fb.’—H.J.T.) N. 144. H. taminatus, Hb. ssp. taminatus. (Seitz places this as a form of alewis, hb. misspelling it laminatus.—H.J.T.) 8. 145. H. alewis, Fb., ssp. alewis. 146. Badamia eaclamationis, Fab. 147. Celaenorrhinus leucocera, Koll. ssp. leucocera. 148. Tagiades obscurus, Mab. ssp. or race athos, Pl. (Seitz treats athos as a synonym of obscurus.—H.J.T.) 149. T’. atticus, ssp. khasiana, Mr. (I. atticus is not named in Seitz where khasiana is placed as a subsp. of 7. ravi.—H.J.T.) N. 150. Coladenia indrani, Mr. N. 151. Odontoptilum angulata, Flar., race or ssp. sura, Wr. (Seitz puts sura as a synonym.—H.J.T. 152. Caprona (Abaratha) ransonnettii, Fldr., {. ransonnettti. Wet season form. DONEGAL IN 1933. 55 158. OC. ransonnettii, Fldr., f. taylorti, de N. Dry season form. 154. C. ransonnettii, Fldr., f. lanka, Ev. Dry season dimorphic form. Brigadier Evans has kindly distinguished these Caprona for me, but says they are confusing and that he hopes to work out the genus before long. S&S. 155. C. agama, Fldr. (syrichthus, Fldr.), ssp. pelias, Fruh. 156. Syrichtus (Hesperia) galba, F. 157. Suastus gremius, Fb., ssp. gremius. 158. Udaspes folus, Cr. 159. Notocrypta paralysos, W.-M. ssp. alysia, Kvans. 160. Gangara thyrsis, Fb., ssp. thyrsis. 161. Halpe egena ssp. ceylonica, Mr. (Seitz places this as a subsp. of H. morei, Wtsn.—H.J.T.) 8. 162. Taractrocera moevius, Fb., race or ssp. sagara, Mr. (Seitz places sagara as a synonym.—H.J.T.) 168. Padraona pseudomoesa, Mr., ssp. pseudomoesa. §. 164. Astycus pythias, Mab., ssp. bambusae, Mr. (Seitz calls this species T’elicota bambusae ssp. pythias.—H.J.T.) 165. Baoris mathias, Fb., ssp. mathias. 166. B. guttatus, Brem., ssp. bada, Mr. 167. B. zelleri, ssp. cinnara, Wallace. (Seitz calls this genus Parnara, does not introduce zelleri, but places ctnnara as a synonym of bada.—H.J.T.) Donegal in 1933. By Rey. CANON FOSTER, B.D. This past season J got a few days at Churchill, Co. Donegal, early in April and thereby was able to explore the sallow and willow-bushes. But the results were rather disappointing as nothing strange was to be found. Among the Geometers there were Nothopterya (Lobophora) carpinata, Bkh., and Calostigia (Malenydris) multistrigaria, Haw., of the normal type. The Noctuae were quite ordinary, Xylocampa areola, Hisp., Calocampa ewxoleta, L., and C. vetusta, Hb., also Xylina (Litho- phane) socia, Rott., and Scopelosoma satellitia, LL. Pachnobia rubricosa, F. was in great abundance. The Taeniocampids were 7. gothica, L., in good variety, 7. stabilis, View., I’. incerta, Hufn., and 7. gracilis, F., a few Orrhodia vaccinii, L., still lingered on as also Scoliopterya libatrix, L. The last few days of July and all August I returned to Churchill and worked mostly around Gartan Lake, but also had days at Glenveagh, Dunlewy, Coluber River, and the upper part of Gweebarra River. I had explored Gartan last year, but my results this year were considerably varied. This may have been due to the season as the hot weather seemed to have the effect of rushing things out and then chasing them off prematurely. At any rate the Tortrices were very scarce compared with last year except for Mucosma (Grapho- litha) ramella, L., and a few of the more generally distributed and commoner species. A curious find was Agrotis praecox, L., one specimen of which fell into the beating sheet out of a fir tree growing in the heather up the 56 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.V.19384 Brown Mountain near Gartan. At the same time 3 or 4 Cleoceris (Polia) viminalis, F., and one very worn Noctua triangulum, Hufn., were caught in the same way. C. viminalis is quite scarce in Ireland, but around Gartan last season it appeared again several times both on ragweed and heather blossom by night. In these ways 7 or 8 were taken all of the normal type. It is difficult to sugar in the Free State since you cannot get treacle without a permit from the police authorities. Treacle is one of the principal ingredients used in making ‘poteen ’ hence the ban placed upon its sale. You may be able to get it through a baker, who gets it for use in bread making; but at Churchill we were far from bakeries. It was necessary therefore for night work to fall back upon natural baits, namely heather and rag weed. As a rule ragweed takes you along from the middle of July well into September and bell heather followed by ling later still. But the extraordinary weather of last year made a change so that the ragweed was nearly over by the middle of August and the heather barely lasted out to the end of the month. There was no natural bait therefore to depend on in the end of August and until the ivy came in. ‘The ripe blackberries were not much of a draw this season, no doubt from lack of sufficient moisture. However there were some interesting insects both on the heather and the ragweed. Noctua dahlii, Hb., was in great profusion, in good condition and endless variety including vy. perfusca, N. castanea, Ksp., also appeared, one specimen of large size and of a rich red. In fact as it sat on the heather I mistook it at first for Triphaena orbona, Fab. Calymnia trapezina, L., was unusually abundant for Ireland, and as already mentioned so was C. viminalis. Noctua glareosa, Ksp., usually put in an appearance, and at the beginning of the month, Naenia typica, L. The Hydroecia group were out nearly every night, over 40 were taken which varied greatly. They were also abundant sometimes in the day time and could be taken on scabious flowers or on ragweed by day. Among the Geometers the most interesting were H'pione repandaria (Huchlaena apiciaria, Schiff.) and Oporinia autumnata, Bork., the former fairly common, the latter scarce. Kllopia (Metrocanpa) fasciaria (prosapiaria), L., was still to be beaten out of pines in the beginning of August. In certain spots out upon the mountains Celaena haworthii, Curt., was abundant, but it was very hard to capture, especially so in good condition. The beating sheet _ was very profitable this last season, though a considerable number of the larvae captured are still unnamed and others remain doubtful. Hight or nine Phaeosia dictacoides, Esp., were taken on birch, but they, I regret to say, were very small and all died off. Demas coryli, Linn., was quite abundant and Notodonta ziczac, L., N. dromedarius, L., Lophop- teryx camelina, L., and Drepana lacertinaria, L., were as frequent as ever; and Hylophila prasinana, L., also turned up.. 6 or 7 Cidaria miata, L., emerged from the pupa during September, as did one Cosymbia pendularia, Cl., in May from last year’s gleanings. All these were from birch. Orgyia antiqua, L., was very abundant both in the larval stage as well as the perfect insect, more so than I had ever found it in Ireland. Hulype hastata, L., was locally abundant in Myrica tips along with Argyroploce dimidiana, Sodof. Very small Cosmotriche potatoria, L., larvae were abundant locally on various low growing plants sunning themselves. But as it was the first time I had met >: CURRENT NOTES. 57 them in Ireland I failed to recognise them and tried birch as a food with fatal results! Hadena pisi, L., was innumerable on all sorts of low growing vegetation as also was Acronicta psi, L., and A. rumicis, L. I had a fairly good emergence of Pyyaera pigra, Hufn., from last year and forebore to take it this past season. It was difficult to find time to tend properly the numerous larvae taken and also in a strange country to secure boxes fit to house them, then there was the trouble in getting all these boxes through the customs at the Frontier. My setting boards contained in an old arrowroot cardboard box caused much suspicion and had to be carefully opened before being passed as non-contraband. G@YURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS. May we remind our readers, especially those near any of our ports: and near Tilbury in particular, to look out for the ‘“‘ Colorado Beetle,” figured in our last number (April). From that indefatigable worker Count Turati we have received several further contributions on Entomology. (1) A report on the Lepidoptera met with in the Expedition made in 1929 to the Coracorum area of the Western Himalayas, with descriptions of new forms, Palaearctic area. (2) Further Notes on particular species from the Coracorum area with a plate of new Parnassius forms; and (8) Notes on some species of Noctuidae by Dr. U. Rocci and himself. A further set of collected leaflets published by the Ministry of of Agriculture and Iisheries have reached our table. It consists of 27 pamphlets dealing with the Jnsect Pests of Fruit Trees, most of which are illustrated. As regards numbers of species Moths and Aphididae seem to predominate, seconded by Coleoptera and Sawflies ; then come the Red Spider, the Pear Midge, Mites, Scale and 2 species of Capsid bug. Details of all life-histories are given with illustrations of the- depredations, and particular reference is made to the time and appear- ance of the earlier stages when preventative measures are more effective as a rule. These leaflets are continually being revised and, supplemented as knowledge of these pests advances, and new methods. of control are advocated. Surely it is quite premature to use the suggested List of Butterflies. issued by the Royal Entomological Society without some liason between the old and new. We pick up that excellent little paper the Pasculin and we read “ Coenonympha tullia,” “ Ochlodes venata septem- trionalis,’ etc., names which convey no meaning whatever to the average lover in nature. Not one in a hundred, especially the young, have opportunities even to find out what these phrases mean if they had the time. ven specialists cannot keep all these drastic changes in mind. We ourselves are not quite sure what the latter phrase means without veference to the 3/6 pamphlet. A Nomencuature Nore.—le Satyre of Geoffroy (Hist. Ins. II., pp. 50-52) is ascribed by him to Papilio moera of Linn., Syst. Nat. (ed. X.). 58 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V.19384 Foureroy (Ent. Paris, Il., 240) quotes it as Papilio moera. Geoffroy’s species, however, is obviously really megera, Linn., as indicated by Werneburg (Beitr. Schmett. I. 299, 1864). Higgins’ statement that ‘‘maera, Linn. is Le Satyre of Geoffroy,” is therefore incorrect. Whether Satyrus was validly used in Mammalia (presumably for Simia satyrus) I do not know. Argynnis, Ib. 1807. This was dealt with by Barnes and Lindsey (Ann. Ent. Soc. America, XV., 91, 1922). As cinwia was not originally included in Argynnis by Fabricius (who quoted it under Melitaea [Illig. Mag. VI. 285]) it was not a possible type for Argynnis, of which paphia is type. Dalman (Vet. Akad. Handb. XX XVII. 57-66, 1816) cited adippe as type of Argynnis, but this was not specified by Fabricius and so was also ineligible as genotype of Argynnis. Fabricius, it may be noted, stated that Argynnis included 41 species, but actually only mentioned seven.—T.B.-F. 9.iv.34. We are very pleased to see that our good friend Dr. Walther Horn is again able to issue from the Deutsch. Kntomolog. Institut, Berlin- Dahlem, a periodical of Morphological and Taxonomic Entomology. The admirable work which has been carried on in the past had adequate publication in their Magazine for many years and it was to be regretted that it had to be relinquished. The excellent work has gone on in spite of adverse conditions and now it must be very gratifying to our friend to be able to publish the records which have been piling up meanwhile. Under the designation Arbeit iiber morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem, Band. 1, No. 1, we have a series of 10 articles with 8 plates and numerous text figures included in 90 pages. We wish it all success. Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. Hipparchia, Fab. semele, L., becomes Humenis, Hb. semele, L. Hipparchia is undoubtedly wrong and Humenis, Hb. the only avatlable name. Mpinephele, Hb. jantra, L. becomes Maniola, Schrank. jurtina, L. Epinephele, Hb. is quite in order, but being used in fishes, is discarded hy application of the Zoologists’ Rules, This unnecessary misuse is sickening. There is no chance of confusion. At last jurtina is officially established in place of janira. Epinephele, Hb. tithonus, L. becomes Maniola, Schrnk. tithonus, L. Although it is quite legitimate to use Pyronia, Hb. in this species if thought necessary. Coenonympha, Hb. pamphilus, L. remains Coenonympha, Hb. pamphilus, L. Coenonympha, Hb. tiphon, Rott. becomes Coenonympha, Hb. tullia, Muller. For some time we have been of opinion that tullia, Mull. was the prior name, but hesitated to use it. Enodia,. Hb. hyperanthus, LL. becomes Aphantopus, Wllgn. hyperanthus, L. An error which a correspondent many years ago pointed out and which we have also pointed out ad nauseam, is still repeated. Linnaeus wrote hyperantus (Sys. Nat. p. 471 Papilio Danaus hyperantus, 1758). NOMENCLATURE. THE LIST. 59 It would seem that Hipparchia must be the genus here. It is a simple matter. In 1807 Fab. Jil. May. VI. established Hipparchia ' naming 7 species out of 119 he had previously called Papilio Satyrus (¢), in 1815, Leach. Fdin. Ency. p. 717 as first reviser uses Hipparchia for galathea, hyperantus and tithonus adding others not mentioned by Fabricius although all included in his 1793 Hint. Syst. Of these 3 original species, tithonus was removed to another genus in 1810, and galathea to another in 1620, thus leaving hyperantus alone for Hipparchia. Scudder pointed this out as far back as 1875 showing that Wallengren’s action in 1855 was invalid. Again we have been following the multitude and used Aphantopus in an error—which the List continues. Brenthis, Hb. selene, Schiff. becomes Argynnis, Fab. selene, Schiff. Brenthis, Hb. euphrosyne, Li. becomes Argynnis, Fab. euphrosyne, L. Divergent views are acknowledged as valid as to the use of Drenthis for a section of the genus Argynnis (sensu lato). The structural differences have been well set out by Spangberg and others, which justify such a course. Previously to that Doubleday and Westwood suggested the division of the Argynnids, etc. Argynnis, Fb, lathonia, Li. remains Argynnis, Fb. lathonia, L. It is acknowledged that the use of Jssoria, Hb., is perfectly valid if thought necessary. Argynnis, Fb., aglaia, L., remains Argynnis, Fb. aglaia, L. Argynnis, Fb., adippe, L. becomes Aryynnis, Fb. cydippe, Li. This latter was accepted by the British Nomenclature Committee, but since that acceptance we seem to recall that adippe is correct, but we are unable to turn up the reference. Considerable gymnastics are displayed over the name Aryynnis, which one has no room to repeat here. Suffice to say it is proposed to beg the zoologists to give leave to retain it. Dryas, Hb. paphia, Li. becomes Aryynnis, Fb. paphia, L. Dryas, Hb., was a name in the much debated Tentamen of Hubner. In spite of the able demonstration of Mr. Bethune- Baker of the validity of this publication it was turned down by the zoologists, hence the name Dryas has been dropped. Under the Rules of Entomological Nomenclature published by the British National Committee on Entomological Nomenclature all the generic names in the Tentamen would be valid as being published “‘ with an indication.”” Under the old Zoological Rules they would not be valid as there is no description accompanying them. Melitaea, Kab. anrinia, Rott. becomes Huphydryas, Scud. awrinia, Rott. It must have been apparent to British entomologists that anrinia stands quite apart from the other two species which have always been associated with it, in theseislands. To those whose knowledge extended to the N. American fauna it must often have been suggested that aurinia much more resembled the American phaeton by its variegated facies, etc., than the species athalia and cinwia. Melitaea, Fb., cinawia, Li. remains Melitaea, Fb. cinawia, L. Melitaea, Fb. athalia, Rott. remains Jfelitaea, Fb. athalia, Rott. Pyramets, Hb. atalanta, Li. becomes Vanessa, Ib. atalanta, L. Pyrameis, Hb. cardui, L. becomes Vanessa, Fb. cardui, L. Cynthia, Fb. is really the prior name but owing to the wide-spread confusion which would accrue with the change the zoologists are to be 60 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.V.19384 asked for permission to place the name Vanessa on the conservanda basis. Pyrameis, Hb., is dropped without comment. Scudder had already (1875) pointed this out. Aglais, Hb. urticae, L. becomes Aylais, Dali. urticae, L. Apparently Hb. was placed as the author of Agla/s in error. (To be continued.) FWEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. Creation’s Doom (a translation), by Desiderius Papp. Messrs. ~ Jarrold, Ltd., Publishers. London, 12s. 6d.—We have just read from cover to cover this most remarkable book. Init the author summarises the extraordinary advances made in our knowledge by astronomers, physicists, chemists and biologists during the present century, and develops the tendencies exhibited in the past evolutionary history to a forecast of what the future of mankind and of the earth may be in the eons of time to come. Our dependence on the sun’s power, light, heat and radio-activity for our origin and life is stressed throughout the book. ‘ By strict scientific deduction” the author ventures to show the evolutionary results on humans of the future, a million or so years hence. Titanic creatures, with organs as immeasurabiy superior to ours as we are to the so-called lower animals, which will ‘“ exploit the interior of the earth, dart into space with the force of a rocket, and with senses appreciative of delicate etherial disturbances” such as can only be dreamt of in the present age. But the author adds that. mankind’s fall and the earth’s doom must inevitably come by “inexorable natural power.” The signs of Decay and Death are apparent everywhere; in the Sky, the Drama of past Life on the Tarth, the Coal Age, the Dragon: Age, the Giant Age; in spite of the life-giving influences of the Sun. Perfected, or rather developed, man is pictured as being toothless and bald and has passed his reproduction on to the retort in the laboratory, owing to his necessity ‘‘ to succumb to the senility of his species, to the spermatic weakness of man, and to the barrenness of woman.” Thus is envisaged “the slow extinction of a senile species, the descent into death of a once virile but now feebly pulsating race,” billions of years hence. Much has been made of possible catastrophic occurrences to our Earth by scare-mongering writers. The author has exploited these to the full with harrowing details, but only to finally prove the super-extreme improbability of such eventualities. ‘The fate of the Human Race will occur in no such way, but will fade away billions of years hence, when the sun is burning out and reduced to red rays alone, under the influence of which no warm-blooded creature can live. Then will the cold-blooded Insect become dominant for long ages. An Age of Insect Life. Until the sun has burnt lower still, Colossal Insects will rule the earth, and when their reign is over, Giant Amoebae will carry on until even the influence of the sun’s red rays no longer exists and everlasting icy night prevails. More than a dozen figures illustrate the text adequately but the 8 plates are a virile expression of extreme sensational advertisement of the improbable and practically impossible catastrophes foreboded by scaremongers. The book is a wonderful exploitation of scientific facts.—Hy.J.T. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Vurnir, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor lo send ws cummnemteations IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require ILLUSTRATIONS are inserted on condition that the AuTHor defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. ‘hey should be sent to Mr. Hy. J. T'urner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928,.well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hitt House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.— Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”” Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Excuancrs.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti,.Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of European and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.—All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Duchauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—liying larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa quercis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Payonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuea, eriseola, adveriaria, juniperata, thetis, ete.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojffner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehirde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. Wanten. —Papered Lepidoptera and Coleoptera of all species wanted in exchange for papered insects, some rare, from Japan.—P. Siviter Smith, Pebworth, Stratford-on-dvon. Duplicates.—Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species. Desiderata.—Living larvae: please send list of species obtainable.—A. Lester, 2, ee Road, London, N.17. “MEBTING 1S OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8p.m. June 6th. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. May 24th, June 14th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘* Ditchling,’”” Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Scciety.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Hssex. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL {) A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/8. All communications to be addressed to :— W. M. CRAWFORD, B.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z-S., Hon. Secy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. } Communications have been received from or have been promised by { Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. H. Edwards, Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, W. Parkinson-Curtis, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rev. G. Wheel2r, Rev. E. B. Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, M. Niblett, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, <¢ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of MWelitaea athalia, parthenie, and awrelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Pauper on Taenitocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a Lepidopterist for 1890—Lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hispidus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. GCONTENTS OF VOL. II. MeLANISM AND Mrtanocuroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on WanriaTIon (many)—How to breed dgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taeniocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- ' thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Generic nomen- elature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyamna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora | i derasa, ete., etc., 312 pp. | To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 85, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. ENTOMOLOGISTS RECORD | AND | JOURNAL OF VARIATION Eprrep R. S. BAaGNALL, D.SC., F-R.E.S. H. DonisrHorReX, F.Z-8., F.R.i.8. Pe. Matcoum Borg, D.SC., F.R.0-S. T. BarnsBRiGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., with the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, v.R.u.s: ¥.Z.8., F.R.E.S. sistance of EK. A. Cockaynr, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S8., H. E. Paas, ©.R.@.s. w ¥F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. J. BK. Conuin, J.P., F.R.E.S. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R.E.8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Berahune-BakEr, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. By Henry J. TURNER, F.R.u.S., F.R.H.8., Editorial Secretary. oy CONTENTS. Lepidoptera at me Basses-Alpes, France, W. Parkinson Curtis, F.R.E.S. (with 8’ plates) concluded Si c 35 a se 61 The Geometers of Storrington, G. S. Rvhertson, M.D. (continued)... oc 64 Dutch forms of Lepidoptera described in Holland, B. J. Lempke .. ts 64 Some Notes on British Trypetidae, M. Nihlett ne oe 60 36 66 BRhopalocera in Austria, F. B. Welch and A. E. Welch 50 ae Bic 67 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. #% ae 74 Current Notes .. ae ae we a Ae 4 a i 75 SupriemEnts.—British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. _(329)-(332) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (17)-(20) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W, ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.E.9. This number, Price TWO SHILLINGS and SIXPENCE (net). «JUL 16 1934 DL Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return _ / Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.”’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. No. 126 THLEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET J ° J ° Hi I LL & SON 9 MANUFACTURERS, Have for disposal Re=-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Imsect Gabinets; also Gheap Storage Cabinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ‘Phone: WiLLEspEN 0309. LHe VASCUEUM A quarterly journal of Natural History, ete., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. W. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R.S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D.; F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. WW. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM GARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. ‘Written with unusual lucidity and wealth of illustration.’’—The Naturalist. THE STANDARD NATURAL HISTORY FROM AMOEBA TO MAN Edited by W. P. PYCRAFT, F.L.S. With a number of distinguished collaborators, most of whom are on the Permanent Staff of the British Museum (Natural History). Complete in one volume of 960 pages, with 12 coloured plates and over 900 half-tone illustrations in the text. Size 9’ x 64"". Cloth Gilt, 15/= net. Half Morocco, 12/= net. F. WARNE & CO, Ltd, LONDON, W.C.2. “ENTOMOLOGIST’S REGORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties and synonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. is Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, 1s. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kenneru J. Haywarp, F.R.E.S. 1s. 3d. Hiibner’s Tentamen and Yerzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) bo .. 8s. Od. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. Anprmws, F.R.E.S 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37- A5 of Ent. Record, new series ; : including ‘Special Index . is ie Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be Apps post free yor H. W. Ae 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, §.H.9. ‘azIS "yeu ‘Ex adAT, ‘SIAND ‘vauompmuuts ‘qv “aIALT ‘sisUaANpOJIO DYI1IOYUQ °9 ‘sopisiopun pure roddy) “AqyI9 A ‘vyajap ‘qn yoouyy ‘aqaoyd vanqyaly °G 3 F ‘azIs “yen ‘odAq ‘stying ‘wuissasiu qn ‘dsy ‘wjofi vuavshz -¢e ‘ZX “purIIs ‘YIV]NIDMAp DUAOL “IASSIOG ‘UOWOUSOAASAD “T °Z ‘gx ‘ody ‘sizing ‘sipjnsursig vutsof “{ ‘sypynSura visnvskd ‘} PLATE I. REZ oD ie VoL. XLVI. Citic Entomologist’s Record. Vor. XLVI. PLATE IT. Males of Mesographe. Uppersides x D 1. itysalis, Wik. race maurinalis, Curtis. type. 2. itysalis, Wlk. race itysalis, W1k. 3. costalis, Eversmann. Metatype. 4. vadiosalis, Moschler. Metatype. Entomologist’s Record. VoL. XLVI. PLATE III. Male undersides of Mesogvaphe. x2. 1. itysalis, Wilk. race maurinalis, Curtis. type. 2. itysalis, Wilk. race itysalis, W1k. 3. costalis, Eversmann. Metatype. 4. vadiosalis, Méschler. Metatype. Entomologist’s Record. NiO Neb Wale Priate IV. Females of Mesographe. Uppersides x2. itysalis, Wlk. race maurinalis, Curtis. Gynatype. 2. itysalis, Wk. race itysalis, W1k. 3. costalis, Eversmann. Metatype. 4. costalis, Ev. var. hilavalis, Christ. Metatype. Entomolozist’s Record. Vor. XLVI. PLATE V. Female undersides of Mesographe. x2. 1. itysalis, Wk. race maurinalis, Curtis. Gynatype. 2. itysalis, W1k. race itysalis, Wlk. 3. cosialis, Eversmann. Metatype. Entomologist’s Record. me 2 ao he : bie e a tn Vow, SLWit . Pate VI. Male genitalia of Mesographe x12. itysalis, Wlk. race maurinalis, Curtis. Type compressed. itysalis, Wlk. race maurinalis, Curtis. Cotype not compressed. vadiosalis, Mosch. compressed. costalis, Ev. compressed. itysalis, W1k. race itysalis, Wlk. compressed. itysalis, Wlk. race itysalis, W1k. Lateral view uncompressed, left valve removed. SoU Oo bo Entomologist’s Record. PLaTte VIII. VoL. XLVI. "YOSOTN ‘SIVSOIpYA “TAT °% ‘CZX INUIOS OUT, MIM ‘sypsdqe VOeL * MIM ‘s2jpscqe WT Entomologist’s Record. LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 61 LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES, FRANCE. (Addenda) By W. PARKINSON CURTIS, F.R.H.S. (viii.) Mareinan Row or Poinrs—seven in number. These stand at the end of the nervures and not between them as Christoph J.c. states. Costalis : Not strongly developed, that at the end of vein 1 linear and weak. Maurinalis: Very pronounced that on the tornus at the end of vein 1 very strong. Itysalis: Similar to maurinadlis. Radiosalis: Similar to maurinalis. All four have the costa more or less darkened as far as the reniform ; this however seems to be a very variable and not very reliable feature. The darkening is produced in several ways in the costalis before me; 1b is a mixture of the half tone and full tone browns the latter predomin- ating and it hardly invades the cell. In the manrinalis it is a mixture of the half tone and full tone browns the latter usually predominating and especially so on the nervures, but it also sometimes has a generous admixture of the Russian blue, which makes it still more obscure and dark. In the étysalis it is formed in the same way but is usually devoid of the bluish intermixture. This costal suffusion is in maurinalis, sometimes also in itysalis (e.g. type of turmalis), so strongly developed that it invades the cell and obscures the stigmata, which judging by Moschler’s description was also the case with his type of hyperborealis. All four havea dark apical costal mark, and three others (besides the dark point where the post medial line rises) between that and the reniform, these marks being least well developed in costalis. The tegulae are the pale tone in radiosalis and the half tone in the other species and the thorax matches the hindwings but the patagia are the half tone in maurinalis, itysalis and mateo and white in costalis. The abdomen matches the ground of the hindwings and in the $ has the anal tuft of the half tone, in the @ of maurinalis the anal tuft is the dark toned brown, in costalis but little darker than the abdomen. In itysalis and radiosalis the half tone. In maurinalis the abdomen appears to be ringed with dark color but this is an optical illusion produced by the edges of the annuli and the dark line of the inter- seomental divisions. In itysalis and radiosalis however the distal end of each seoment is distinctly light ringed. One of the maurinalis has dorsolateral dark markings on 5, 6, and 7 of the abdomen. Oostalis and itysalis seem to have dark spiracular spots on the abdomen. Maurinalis has a spiracular line of dark brown expanded into spots on the spiracles and two strong dark brown ventral lines only broken by the white fringe of the distal edge of the annuli. The ? however has the last two segments much suffused below. Undersides of the four present just the same class of difference of degree rather than of the radical design, that the upper sides exhibit. Costalis below retains the chalky white ground but it is silky. below 62 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.V1.1934 and not matt. It is dusted over with the halftone brown, this dusting being most pronounced in the forewing; the less there is of it the more pronouncedly it is collected on the interneural folds of the forewing and the nervures of the hindwing. The darkening of the costa is but little in evidence, being narrowly confined to the front edges; the dis- coidal and reniform are however very decidedly in evidence but suffused and are the full tone brown. The dark points on the costa and on the nervures are developed and it is possible to trace the postmedial line, with two vestigial lines each side all rising from one or other of the costal dark marks. There is no great contrast between the basal and distal halves of the wing. The hindwing coloration repeats the upperside in a shadowy fashion but the dark margin is narrower. The one g is much duskier below than two @ ?, being so generally suffused with the half tones in forewing as to render the lines but slightly traceable. The hindwing shows a very material costal darkening which is barely traceable in the ? 9°. The itysalis undersides show the postmedial line clearly and the usual dark markings (they are distinct), but the basal half of the wing and the pale praesubterminal area are unicolorous. Radiosalis is similar to itysalis. Maurinalis is very distinctly marked below but like costalis is silky below. The forewing and the hindwings as far as vein 7 are a pale tone of the half tone brown. Forewing with base of cell darkened costally with a sprinkling of dark scales stigmata well developed post medial line strong and continuous. Hindwing with dark scaling on subcostal and costal, postmedial line strongly developed the darker specimen having this carried up the dorsal fold and also having the margin darkened as well. The costal and marginal dark marks very strongly detached and conspicuous. I should therefore keep costalis apart on the ground of its white wings, small size, genital structure and number of cornuti. /tysalis with its medium size, genital structure, and number of cornuti and cold tone; making manrinalis a race distinguished by large size, warm colour and structure of cornuti. Radiosalis by itself for its grey colour and peculiar cornuti. Hapsirs. W. F. and I took 14 specimens at the lamps. They were obtained at three stations, one behind the Hotel Bertrand at, say, 5900 feet ; the second about a kilometre down the valley and a few hundred feet lower ; the third just above La Barge about another kilometre further down and probably another 100 feet lower. We did not kick any up during the day, or disturb them out of thickets as seems to have been the case with several of the known specimens of costalis. I suggested an encrusted saxifrage of the marginata type as a probable food plant. We never saw it at rest in the day time. It just arrived quietly on the sheet, neither very early nor very late, and sat down without any fuss and rarely moved. It sits flatter than Mesoyraphe forficalis. Leaving Mr. Burras out of account as he does not take Pyralis, three lamps got 15 specimens and never more than one each per night, so it is not common. It looks narrow when at rest owing to its dark LEPIDOPTERA AT MAURIN, BASSES-ALPES. 63 costa. Walker’s type and the type of varieyata are both alleged to have been bred from clover. Prof. J. MeDunnough of Ottawa in litt, tells me “as I know itysalis it occurs at moderate elevations through the Rockies and the coast ranges of British Columbia and is even found on Vancouver near sea level. At Nordegg, Alberta, where I made extensive collec- tions, I found both it and radiosalis, Mosch., occurring together and on making slides of the g¢ genitalia, I can find no distinction between these two. ‘The species seem to have a variety of food plants. In Colorado I once bred it from Lupine, and some specimens in our collection are labelled as haying been bred on Vancouver Island from Saxifrage.”’ Locatittgs. Maurinalis at Maurin, and there appear to be single specimens standing as costalis recorded, one from Mont Pelvoux and one from Madonna da Finisterre. I have given the range of costalis and its varieties above. Itysalis and radiosalis from practically the whole of North America but apparently retreating upward as one goes South. Its Northward limit unascertained. Type No. 23592. Gynatype 23593. Cotypes 23594 and 23595 in mus. Curtis. Heliothela praegalliensis, Frey. 1 am unable for want of material to deal with this fully. The French Entomologists identified the specimens we took as atralis. Hb. It is quite understandable that they do not apply Frey’s description correctly because that description fits better true atralis, Hb., than it does praegalliensis, Frey, that we took and the specimens from Larche in the British Museum. The explanation is that Frey’s type in the British Museum is an extremely dark ? with very little trace of the white patch on the costa that is present in our specimens, but a closer examination of our specimens and the specimens from Larche in con- junction with the type shows they are conspecific, whilst the shape of atralis, Hb., and its light build are decidedly different from those of our specimens. | accordingly stand by my determination, until I get a sufficiently long series of the species of this group of Pyralis to enable me to do some dissection. This is the last of our experience at Maurin, which both W. F. and I hope to visit again, and it only remains for me to perform the pleasurable duty of thanking those collaborators without whose help this part of the results must perforce have been very sketchy. I have to tender my sincerest thanks to Mr. N. Filipjev for Asiatic material compared with type and for photographs ; Herr Bang-Haas for Asiatic material comparisons with types and helpful correspondence; Mr. W.H. T. Tams for advice, assistance and valuable introductions to other workers; Professor McDunnough for authenticated specimens of itysalis and radiosalis and information and the U.S. National Museum and particularly Mr. Carl Heinrich for material and further valuable information. 64 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.VL.19384 The Geometers of Storrington, W. Sussex. By G. S. ROBERTSON, M.D. (Continued from p. 16.) Eupithecia (Tephroclystia) tenniata, Hb.—Local. E. haworthiata, Dbldy. (isogrammaria, H.-S.).—Abundant on the Downs. HF. linariata, Fb.—Locally common. fF. pulchellata, Steph.—Common everywhere. E. trriguata, Hb.—Local and searce. FH. exiguata, Hb.—Fairly common. EF. valerianata, Hb.—Very local, but in plenty there. E. venosata, Fb. On the Downs. E. centanreata, Schiff. (oblongata, Thnbg.)—Common everywhere. JF. trisiynaria, H.-S—Local. EH. satyrata, Hb.—Not common. EF. tripunctaria, H.-S. (albipunctata, Haw.).—Well distri- buted; common. FE. absinthiata, Clrek.—Common. F. goossenstata, Mab. (minwtata, Dbldy.).—Loeal. #. vulgata, Haw.—Abundant. FE. castigata, Hb.—Abundant. FE. icterata, Vill. (subfulvata, Haw.).— Common. F. succenturiata, L.—Fairly common. FE. indigata, Hb.— Local; not common. F. pimpinellata, Hb.—On Downs. FE. nanata, Hb.—Common everywhere on heaths. H. abbreviata, Steph.— Common. F. sobrinata, Hb.—On the Downs. (Gymnoscelis pumilata, Hb.—Very common. Chloroclystis coronata, Hb.—Common. C. rectangulata, L4.—common. (To be continued.) Dutch Forms of Lepidoptera described in Holland. By B. J. LEMPKE. Up to the present the study of the variation in Lepidoptera has been much neglected in Holland. So it is not to be wondered that the number of aberrations described in Dutch magazines. ete., is limited. Yet there are some, and as most descriptions are in Dutch and as most of our Lepidoptera are also met with in England, I think it useful to give a complete list of them. The descriptions are to be found in: 1°. Tijdschrift voor Kntomologie. 2°. Hntomologische Berichten, published by the Dutch Wntomo- logical Society. 8°. Bowwstoffen voor eene Fauna van Nederland (= Materials for a Fauna of Holland). 4°. Onze Flinders by D. ver Haar (1899-1904). This book is about the same as that of R. Sourn for England. 5°. Sepp, Nederlandsche Insecten. As most of the forms have been described more than once, [| shall at the same time discuss the synonymy of them. 1. Pieris rapae, L., ab. flara, ter Haar, Onze Flinders, p. 3, 1899 or 1900. “Only found with the ?, which has a pale butter-yellow. eround-colour.”’ This is, as far as I can trace, the oldest name for the pale yellow form of the female in Holland, and of course also in other countries. The female is clearly dimorphic. One form, the typical one, is whitish, the other, which occurs in all broods, is the pale yellow form, with underside of hindwings and tip of forewings often of a deeper yellow than the former. Synonyms: jlavicans, Kroul., 1901; favida, Petersen, 1902; flavescens, Rober, 1907; crocea, Verity, 1911. For DUTCH FORMS OF LEPIDOPTERA. 65 the extremely rare sulphur yellow form the name novangliae, Scudder, 1872 (aurea, Rolfe, Hntom., IX. p. 199, 1876) can be used. 2. Oolias electo, Li., subsp. croceus, Fourer., ab. 2 basisuffusa, Lempke, Hnt. Ber., VIIL, p. 392, 19382. ‘Orange 2 with strongly suffused base.” A new name for ab. suffusa, Tutt, 1896, nec Cockerell, 1889. 3. Ab. rufomaculata, Lempke, l.c., p. 134, ‘‘ The double silver spot wholly suffused with carmine red.” 4. Vanessa io, lu., ab. fulva, Oudms., Tijdschr. v. Ent., Vol. 48, p- 6, pl. 2, fig. 4, 1905. “The purplish red brown ground colour is wholly replaced by a faded ruddy colour, asif the animals were strongly bleached.” The figure is a very good one. 5. Brenthis selene, Schiff., ab. thaliades, ter Haar, Onze Flinders, p. 27, 1900. ‘An aberration in which the black markings on the upper side coalesce more or less.”’ The description is insufficient. | take the ab. to be a synonym of ab. transversa, Tutt, Brit. Butt., p. 295, 1896. 6. Coenonympha pamphilus, L., ab. pallida, Oudms., Tijdschr. v. Eint., Vol. 48, p. 6, pl. 4, fig. 14, 1905. ‘The ground colour is quite another than in the type, viz., very pale yellow and this colour has replaced the normal colour everywhere.”’ As I have already stated in Lamb., 1931, p. 66, this is a synonym of pallida, Tutt, Brit. Butt., p. 422, 1896. The extreme whitish- yellow ab. is ab. albescens, Robs. and Gardner, 1886=eburnéa, Habich, 1897 =albula, Strand, 1902. (Oudemans’ figure is not very pale yellow, but only pale yellow. It represents the intermediate form, which is not at all as rare as albescens, and which is correctly described by Tutt as “ pale yellowish tawny.” 7. Chrysophanus hippothoé, L., ab. eurybina, ter Haar, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. 48, p. 204, 1905. ‘* g. ‘The transverse line on the fore- wings fails or is very indistinct. The blue reflection fails; otherwise the upper side is quite as in the type. @. The upper side is almost quite unicolorous black-brown, with the exception of the cell which is powdered with red-brown on both sides of the median point, and of the band along the hind margin on fore- and hindwings. The under- side is in both sexes as in the type.” As I have already stated in Lamb., 1931, p. 16, the g is of little importance, but the ? is a very fine suffused form, and is figured by ter Haar, op. cit., Vol. 48, pl. 14, fig. 5 and 6. 8. Chrysophanus hippothoé, L., ab. groningana, ter Haar, op. cit., Vol. 48, p. 242, 1901. ‘‘ This form is distinguished by the presence of violet-blue linear points in the cells before the antemarginal band, just as Rt. phlaeas shows this rather regularly.” Synonyms: caeruleopuncta, Trti. et Vty, 1910; cyanographa, Cabeau, 1920. 9. Loweta dorilis, Hufn., ab. crantsi, ter Haar, op. cit., Vol. 43, p- 287, pl. 14, fig. 2, 1901. ‘‘ Characterised by the presence of violet- blue points before the red marginal macules on the upper side of the hindwings.” Synonym: purpureopunctata, Wheeler, Butt. Switz., p. 17, 1908. 10. Loweia dorilis, Hufn., ab. uyeni, ter Haar, /.c., p. 287, pl. 14, fig. 83,1901. <‘‘ The red-brown ground colour on the upperside of the forewings is replaced by pale yellow, with which the rows of points 66 ENTOMOLOGISI’S RECORD. 15.V1.1934 clearly contrast, whereas the bronzy-green suffusion at the base also clearly comes forth. The red-brown band along the hind margin of the posterior wings, which encloses the black points, is also pale yellow.” ' The name falls as a synonym of ab. albicans, Fuchs, Jahrb. Nass. Ver., vol. 42, p. 198, 1889. (To be concluded.) Some Notes on British Trypetidae. By M. NIBLETT. The following notes are compiled from observations made by me during the past few years, and refer mainly to Trypetids reared from the larval stage, with the addition of a few records of captured insects. The localities where both larvae and imagines were taken were nearly all in the county of Surrey, and include Ranmore Common, Boxhill, Epsom Common, Epsom Downs, Banstead, and Kingswood. The majority of the species referred to are moderately common, but I thought that perhaps some particulars of their food-plants and times of emergence might prove of some interest. Urophora cardwi, Li.—The larvae of this handsome fly inhabit the swellings to be found upon the stems of Cnicus arvensis, L. (Creeping Plume Thistle). I have found the galled stems from mid-July onwards, and have had the fly emerge during June and early July of the year following. The galls I find are usually plentiful where the thistles grow in damp situations, and much less so in drier places. The fly I have taken occasionally in July by sweeping thistles. The larvae are at times heavily parasitized by Chalcids. U. stylata, Fab.—This species is the cause of hard woody galls in the flower-heads of Carduus nutans, L. (Musk Thistle), and Cnicus lanceolatus, Scop. (Spear Plume Thistle). The larvae I have found from July onwards, the flies emerging in the following June, with occasional specimens during July. Odd specimens of the fly I have swept from thistles and mixed herbage during July. UV. solstitialis, L.—-This is another gall-causine species, the hard woody galls are to be found abundantly as a rule, in the flower-heads of Centanrea nigra, L. (Black Knapweed), wherever this plant grows. The earliest date I have found the larvae is July 6th, when the galls were beginning to form. I have had the flies emerge in May, June, July and August, the majority coming out in June. I have swept them in some numbers from C. nigra during July and August, and on a number of occasions from Achillea millefolium, L. (Yarrow). Several species of Chalcids parasitize the larvae, but the flies always seem abundant. U. quadrifasciata, Mg.—The larvae of this species feed in the flower- heads of Centaurea nigra, L. 'I'be statements made by numerous writers that it forms a hard woody gall, does not agree with my observations. I have certainly bred it trom flower-heads containing galls, but these have definitely been the galls of U. solstitialis. I have not found it occur in any numbers, having bred about 80 from several thousand flower-heads. The flies emerged chiefly in June, with occasional specimens in May and July. On only one occasion have I swept the fly, this was towards the end of July upon Epsom Common, SOME NOTES ON BRITISH TRIPETIDAE. 67 when it literally swarmed, every sweep of the net over patches of C. nigra gathering in at least half a dozen. I could have taken scores from the area in which it occurred. Anomoea (Phagocarpus) antica, Wied. (permundus, Her.).—The larvae of this species live in the fruits of Crataegus monoyyna, Jacq. (Hawthorn) ; from a number of these fruits gathered in September, the larvae emerged in early November and pupated, the flies emerging from 25th May to 8rd June of the following year. Perris stated that the larvae pupated in the fruit, while Handlirsch claimed that they pupated in the earth, the latter statement agreeing with my own observations. Trypeta (Chaetostomella) onotrophes, iaw.—The larvae of this species live in the flower-heads of various Composites. I have bred the flies from Serratula tinctoria, L. (Sawwort), an unrecorded host-plant ; Cnicus palustris, L. (Marsh Plume Thistle) ; and Centaurea nigra, L. ; the latter plant appears to be its favourite host. The larvae may be found in the heads from early autumn until some time in May; they are sometimes to be found among the pappus-hairs and sometimes below the receptacle; they pupate in the head, and I have had the flies emerge from 11th May to 5th July. I have swept this species from ©, niyra, C. palustris, Arctiwn majus, L. (Burdock), and mixed Composites in July and August. Trypeta (Lerellia) serratulae, L.—This species I have bred from the flower-heads of Carduus nutans, L., and Cnicus lanceolatus, Scop. I have not found it occur in any numbers, having bred less than a dozen from some hundreds of heads of these thistles, all these emerging in mid-June. I have also swept occasional specimens from C. nutans. Trypeta (Orellia) colon, Mg.—The larvae live in the flower-heads of Centaurea scabiosa, Li. (Large Knapweed), in which they pupate, enclosing themselves in cocoons formed of pappus-hairs. ‘The larvae seem to vary somewhat in colour, white to pinkish being most general, though with some there is a distinct yellowish tinge. Some of the larvae seem to prefer the space below the receptacle to pupate in, while others remain above it. The majority of the flies I have bred have emerged in June from flower-heads gathered in August of the preceding year, and onwards, but froma few heads gathered on 19th July with larvae in them, a ¢ of this species emerged on 10th August suggesting the possibility of two broods in a year. Tiypeta (Orellia) florescentiae, Li. (ruficauda, Fab.).—The larvae of this species judging from my own ohservations appear to be confined entirely to the flower-heads of Cnicus palustris, L. The larvae are white, pupate in the heads, the flies emerging during June. I should not say that this is an abundant species, many hundreds of thistle- heads examined by me during autumn and winter disclosing only about a dozen larvae. I have swept occasional flies from C. palustris in July and August and odd specimens from C. arvensis. Trypeta (Orellia) tussilaginis, Fab.—On 8rd March, 19382, while examining a number of flower-heads of Arctinwn majus, L., I observed that some of the seeds were rather stout. I removed the end of one and found that it contained a Trypetid larva, from a number of these seeds there emerged in the following June 6 g¢ g and 8 2 ? of tussilaginis. A. majus has been recorded as a host plant of this species, but I can find no record of the larvae living in the achenes. [| have swept a few flies of this species from mixed Composites in July. - 68 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1.1984 Lrypeta (Ceriocera) cornuta, Fab. (ceratocera, Hend.).—This species I have bred on a few occasions from flower-heads of Centaurea scabiosa, L., all the flies emerging in June. The larvae live and pupate in the heads. Tephritis (Xyphosia) miliaria, Schk.—The larvae of this species may be found chiefly in the flower-heads of Onicus arvensis, L. in which they pupate, forming a cocoon of pappus-hairs. I have found the larvae in the heads from July onwards, the flies emerging in the following June. The larvae also may be found at times in the flower- heads of C. palustris, L., and upon one occasion I had a fly emerge in September, from Arctiwn majus, L., an unrecorded host-plant, a very unusual time for this species to emerge, suggesting a second brood. The flies I have swept from C. arvensis, C. palustris, and A. majus, during July and August, it being quite a common species in the areas I have worked. Tephritis bardanae, Schk.—The larvae of this species live in the flower- heads of Arctium majus, L., not causing a gall, as bas been repeatedly stated. JI have examined numerous heads after the flies have emerged ; the black puparia appear to be either in, or between the achenes, and are Cemented together into a solid mass which has, I presume, been taken to be the gall, but I can find no signs of hypertrophy. The larvae may be found in the heads in July, August, and September, the flies emerging in the latter two months. | bave never found anything but empty puparia in the heads after the end of September. Tephritis hyoscyamt, L.—The larvae of this species live in the flower- heads of Carduus crispus, L. (Welted Thistle), in which they pupate. I have found them during July and August. The larvae are white, the puparia black, and the flies emerge during August. Tephritis vespertina, Liw.—This species is probably double-brooded. The larvae live in the flower-heads of Hypochveris radicata, L. (Long- rooted Cat’s-ear). J] have found the heads in early June with very young larvae and pupae, the flies emerging from the latter on 7th July ; in early July with larvae and pupae, the flies emerging later in the month ; at the end of July with pupae, the flies emerging from these in the first week of August. I have repeatedly examined the flower- heads in August but have never found any larvae in them. Sphenella marginata, Fall.—This species | have had emerge freely from the swollen flower-heads of Senecio vulyaris, L. (Groundsel), all the flies emerging in August. A few I have bred from 8. aquaticus, L. (Marsh Ragwort), these emerging in mid-September. I have also bred them from flower-heads of S. jacobea, L. (Common Ragwort), during September. The larvae of this species are at times heavily parasitized by a Braconid, Microbracon variator, Nees. Ensina sonchi, L.—I have bred this Trypetid from the flower-heads of Tragopoyon pratensis, L. (Goatsbeard), in August; from Leontodon hispidum, Li. (Rough Hawkbit), in July; from Hypochoeris radicata, L., an unrecorded host-plant, in August; and from Sonchus arvensis, (Corn Sow-thistle), in the same month. I have also swept 16 from mixed Composites during July. Gontoglossum wiedemanni, Mg.—The larvae of this species live singly in the berries of Bryonta dioica, L. (White Bryony) ; a number of these berries containing nearly full-fed larvae were collected on 11th August, on the following day a number of the larvae left the RHOPALOCERA IN AUSTRIA. 69 fruits and pupated. The larvae are deep yellow in colour, the puparium is yellow at first, turning to red-brown within 24 hours; the last larvae left the fruits on 9th September. On 18th September, several yellow Braconids, Opius testaceus, Wesm., emerged from the pupae. ‘lhe flies emerged during June of the following year. Carphotricha (Noeéta) pupillata, Wall— The larvae of this species inhabit the flower-heads of several species of Hieracinm which swell somewhat and fail to open. ‘There appears to be a considerable variation in the times of emergence; flower-heads of H. wmbellatum, L. (Umbellate Hawkweed), taken on 16th July, with larvae in them gave the flies on 20th July; while others taken a month later did not yield the fly until mid-May of the following year, these latter heads had empty puparia in them in addition to the larvae. A few heads were found at the beginning of November with larvae in them, from which 6 ¢ f, and 8 @ 2, of pupillata emerged in early May. From another batch of the flower-heads taken on 17th August, with both larvae and pupae in them, the flies emerged as follows :—24th August, 3S 5,42 9 ; lst September, 69 9,142 2 ; Brd May,2¢ 9 ; 12th to 20th May,6¢ 9,102 @. I have swept a few specimens in July from mixed Compositae in localities, where | have never found any plants of Hieraciune. 1 should like to tender my thanks to Mr. H. W. Andrews, F’.R.E.S. for kindly identifying some of the Trypetids for me, and to Mr. G. HK. J. Nixon, B.A. for identifying the Braconids. Rhopalocera in Austria. By F. B. WELCH and A. E. WELCH. During July, 1933, we visited the following places in Southern and Western Austria :— 1. Iisenkappel, Carinthia. This village is about 20 miles south- east of Klagenfurt from which it is reached by motor-bus, and lies at a height of some 2000 feet in a valley running north out of the Karawanken Mts., which separate Austria from Yugo-Slavia. These hills are rather barren limestone towards the top, but the valleys are well watered and fertile with spruce forests above. To the south is the Seeberg Pass, 3850 ft., the Yugo-Slav frontier. Cold overcast weather had been experienced in June and this continued throughout our stay, 38rd-12th July, so that the season was backward compared with our former visit, (nt. Rec. Vol. XLV., new series, p. 1.). 2. Mallnitz, Carinthia. 18th-20th July. ‘his village lies at 3800 ft. on the southern slopes of the Héhe Tauern, the range separating the Inn and its tributaries from the Drau system. It is very easily accessible, lyimg about two hours down the main Villach line, which branches off the Innsbruck-Salzburg line at Schwarzach. Our hotel, the Drei Gemsen, was quite satisfactory and adequate Knelish is spoken there. ‘The country has the usual alpine vegetation; meadows in the bottom of the valleys, woods of spruce up to about 5200 ft., above which is moist moorland, running up to the snow and bare rock at 7000 ft. The weather during our stay was very mixed, only four days being fine. 3. Gaschurn, Vorarlberg. 22nd-31st July. ‘he Vorarlberg is 70 ENTOMOLOGIS’S RECORD. 15.V1.1984 cut off from the rest of Austria by the Arlberg and the north end of the Rhaetian Alps, while its streams drain into Lake Constance and thence into the Rhine. The country is therefore more akin to Northern Switzerland than to Austria, and this is also the case as regards the villagers, who are more efficient and much less attractive than typical Austrians. The country is much the same as at Mallnitz, except that it faces north-west and the valleys are more shut in. The weather was variable but predominantly bad. The localities referred to subse- quently, (Ferbellen, Ganeu Alpe, Madlener Hutte, etc.) are alpine meadows and huts up the side valleys. During our stay in these three places we saw the following :— Spilothyrus (Carcharodus) althaeae, Hbn.—OUne at Wisenkayppel. Hesperia andromedae, Wall.—Mallnitz, 6000 ft., fresh. H. cacaliae, Rmbr.—Several taken at Mallnitz and Gaschurn, 5500-6000 ft. H. alveus, Hbn.—Common at Mallnitz at about 4000 ft. in the meadows. HH. serratulae, Rmbr.—Mallnitz, 5000 ft. H, malvae, L4.—Common at all places visited. Nisontades tages, L.—-Very common everywhere. Augtades sylvanus, Hisp.—Very common everywhere. Urbicola comma, L.—In the meadows around Gaschurn. Adopaea lineola, Ochs.—A few at Gaschurn. A. flava, Brn.—Generally common. Carterocephalus palaemon, Pall.—Fairly common at all places in variable condition, 2000-4000 ft. Heodes virgaureae, L.—At Hisenkappel the males were emerging around the village on 8th July, no females appearing before we left. The males are large and golden-red in colour, with relatively narrow black margins to the uppersides. The orange-red marginal spots on the underside of the the hindwings are well developed, rather as in subsp. balcanicola. At Gaschurn the species is common and is presumably subsp. juvara, Fruh. FH. hippothoeé, L.— Common at all places, the females at Kisenkappel showing wide variation as regards the ground colour of the uppersides, which range from copper to almost entirely suffused. AH. dorilis, Hufn.—Common. Var. montana was common on the Seeberg Pass at 8550 ft. Rumicia phlaeas, Li.—One specimen seen near Hisenkappel. This conforms with our previous experience in Austria, where the species never seems to occur in any abundance, but only as isolated specimens, at very varying altitudes, certainly from 2000 to 5000 ft. Lycaena alcon, Schiff.—One fresh male at Hisenkappel, 6th July. Like specimens taken here on our previous visit, this was well above the normal size. L. arion, L.—Common at all places visited, particularly at Mallnitz, where the normal unsuffused form was abundant in the meadows around the village. At Gaschurn f. obscura, Christ., occurred only in the valley, while the unsuffused form appeared in fresh con- dition above the trees at 5600 ft. Cupido minima, Fussl.—Common at all places, rising from 2000 ft. at Hisenkappel to 5500 ft. at Mallnitz and Gaschurn. C. lorquinti, H.-Schaff.—One fresh male taken at Mallnitz on 18th RHOPALOCERA IN AUSTRIA. 71 July in a path through a wood at 4000 ft. The spots on the under- side are only lightly marked, the discal spot in 6 being absent. Polyommatus semiargus, Rott.—Common at all places, those at Kisenkappel being large. P. chiron, Rott. (ewmedon, Esp.).—Common at Gaschurn between 3500 and 5400 ft. P. coridon, Poda.—Only at Gaschurn, where it was common. P. thetis, Rott. (bellaryus, Rott.) —Common at all places. P. dorylas, Schiff. (hylas, Esp.).—Fresh specimens around Hisenkappel from 5th July. P. icarus, Rott.—Common in the lower meadows everywhere. P. eros, Ochs.—Males common at Mallnitz above 3800 ft. from 14th July on. Plebeius (Arieia) medon, Esp. (astrarche, Bgstr.)—One at Mallnitz at 5200 ft. P. orbitulus, Prun—Common at Mallnitz from 20th July when they were just emerging at 5500 ft; also at similar heights above Gaschurn. P. pheretes, Hbn.—Common at Mallnitz and Gaschurn; at the latter place specimens were taken as low as 4600 ft. Scolitantides baton, Bgstr.—One male above Gaschurn at 5000 ft. From the dark blue ground colour of the upperside and the prominence of the discal spot, together with the geographical position of Gaschurn, we assume this is baton rather than vicrama. S. orion, Pall.—One male on the Seeberg Pass near Hisenkappel at 3500 ft. in moderate condition. Plebetus argus, L.—Fairly common at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn and abundant at Mallnitz where they were just emerging on 13th July. Callophrys rubi, L.—Isolated worn specimens were seen at Hisen- kappel, 2750 ft, and at Gaschurn, 5500 ft. Hamearis lucina, li.—At Hisenkappel both new and very worn specimens. Papilio podalirius, L.—Common at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. P. machaon, Li. Common at Kisenkappel and Gaschurn. Parnassius apollo, .— Common at Gaschurn at the Ganeu Alpe. P. mnemosyne, L.—Rather worn at Kisenkappel. Aporia crataeyi, L.—Common at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. Pieris brassicae, 1. Common everywhere. P. rapae, L.—Common at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. At the latter place it occurred at the Madlener Hutte at 6000 ft. P. napi, L.—Everywhere the usual second brood males, with females trans ad bryoniae, Ochs.; already quite worn at Hisenkappel at 2500 ft. but quite fresh at Mallnitz at 5000 ft.; none were of a yellowish tint. Pontia callidice, Esp.—Two newly hatched females at Ferbellen near Gaschurn at about 5700 ft. Huchloe cardamines, L.— Common at Hisenkappel. Leptosia sinapis, li.—Usual summer forms at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. Colias phicomone, EKsp.—At Gaschurn the males were common from 4800 ft. to 6000 ft. ; one female was caught on 27th July. CU. palaeno, u.—At Gaschurn six males were taken 25th-27th July and three females on 26th-28th July. They were found from 5000 to 6500 ft. with C. phicomone. 72 HNTIOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1.1934 C. hyale, 4. Common at Hisenkappel. C. croceus, Four.—Common at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. Gonepteryx rhamni, Li.—Very worn at Hisenkappel; found also at Gaschurn. Dryas paphia, L.—One newly hatched at Gaschurn at 5000 ft. on 31st July. Argynnis aglaia, L1.—Fresh at Hisenkappel, 5th July. A. niobe, ab. eris, Meig.—Males only at Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. Issoria lathonia, L.—Fresh at Hisenkappel. Common everywhere of the ‘ post-lathonia’ type. Brenthis euphrosyne, L.—Common everywhere from 3800 to 6500 ft. B. selene, Schiff.—At Gaschurn on the Ganeu Alpe at 5000 ft. and also at Ferbellen at 5700 ft. ; very local. B. amathusia, Esp—Common at Gaschurn on the lower levels, 8-5000 ft.; of both sexes. B. thore, Hb.—One from 5000 ft. at Gaschurn is very melanic with all the markings very blurred. B. pales, Schiff.—At Mallnitz we took one female at 6000 ft. and at Gaschurn females and one male at 5700 ft. Melitaea cynthia, Hb.—At Mallnitz both sexes were common at about 5500 ft. but were very local, all coming from one small area on the moors. M. merope, Prann.—Found at Mallnitz in the same area as the preceding; one was also taken at Gaschurn at Ferbellen, 6700 ft. M. athalia, Rott—From all three localities; those from Hisenkappel are somewhat different from the rest in that the central orange band, especially on the hindwings, is more strongly developed and wider than normal. M. phoebe, Knoch.—One from Gaschurn. M. dictynna, Ksp.——Common at Hisenkappel on the plains at 2000 ft. ; one specimen from Gaschurn on the plains. Araschnia levana, L.—At Hisenkappel on 7th July we took one of the spring brood in the Ebriachtal, where two years before at the same date the summer brood was weli out; this shows the lateness of the season. Pyrameis cardui, L.—At Mallnitz and Gaschurn, one at the former place being taken at 6200 ft. l’. atalanta, L.—At the same places. Huvanessa antiopa, L.—Common and worn at Hisenkappel the first week in July. Vanessa to, L.—At Kisenkappel. Aylais urticae, L.— Common everywhere up to 6200 ft. EHugonia polychloros, L.—EKisenkappel. Polyyonia c-album, L.—At Hisenkappel and Gaschurn. Limenitis populi, Li.—Fairly common at Hisenkappel. L.. camilla, Schiff.—Common at Hisenkappel. Pararye maera, Li.— Common everywhere. P. megera, L.— Common everywhere. P. aegeria, L.—Common at Hisenkappel. Epinephele jurtina; L.—Common at Gaschurn. The females have the orange brown patch on the upper side of the forewing very ill-defined inwardly and extending towards the base; they are exactly like ones we possess from Macedonia. RHOPALOCERA IN AUSTRIA. 73 Aphantopus hyperantus, 4—Common at Gaschurn. Coenonympha arcania, L.—Only at Hisenkappel from 2-3500 ft. C. satyrion, Esp.—At Mallnitz on the plains and up to 4700 ft. in the fir wood clearings both sexes. At Gaschurn both sexes were out at Ferbellen, 5200-5700 ft. an, pamphilus, L.—At Hisenkappel common at 3500 ft. and at Mallnitz on the plains at 8800 ft. Oeneis aello, Hb.—At Mallnitz the males were already worn but the females were just emerging from 5500 ft. up with Hrebia lappona and other Hrebia. At Gaschurn the males were taken very worn at the Madlener Hutte at 6200 ft. In a marsh there was a large dry stone in the middle of the water which was a favourite haunt of these insects and as soon as one was taken, another replaced it. This happened twice. Hrebia eptphron, Knoch.—Only at Gaschurn very localized on one boggy spot beyond Tavamont at 5500 ft. H. melampus, Fssl.—At Mallnitz common up to 5300 ft. where one female was taken. At Gaschurn common from 3-5300 ft. including several females. E. arete, Fabr.—At Mallnitz on 19th July at a certain spot we found this rare butterfly emerging freshly in quantities on a rough grassy slope covered with bilberries etc. amidst clumps of spruce. Two days previously there had been no trace of them. They ranged from 4750- 5500 ft. This locality is about sixty five miles west of the well known spot on the Sau Alpe and I know of no record of captures in between but no doubt it could be found all along the southern slopes of the Tauern, The specimens (all males) differed from those we took two years ago on the Zirbitz Kogel, the Northern end of the Sau Alpe, in that the silver spots on the underside of the hindwings are generally reproduced on the upperside as a row of white spots. Those from the Zirbitz usually only show these white spots in the females. EF. eriphyle, Frr.—At Mallnitz they were taken occasionally at about 5800 ft. along with pharte, yorge, and tyndarus. At Gaschurn a few were taken about 3500 ft. below the Tubinger Hutte. FE. pharte, Hb.—At both Mallnitz and Gaschurn a rather feebly marked race was seen, males only, from 4500 to 6500 ft. In one spot however at Gaschurn above Parthenen a very fine female of var. fasciata, Spul. was taken. EK. manto, Ksp.—At Mallnitz just appearing at 5500 ft. alone with yorye and tyndarus. At Gaschurn they were taken very locally at the Ganeu Alpe. all males till 30th July when the first female was taken. E. ceto, Hb.—At all three places up to 4000 ft., both sexes. H. medusa, Pabr.—At Hisenkappel they were very abundant, very worn on the plain in the first week of July, still fairly fresh higher up. FE. oeme, Hb.—At Mallnitz very common up to 5700 ft. in the firwoods. ‘Those lower down already very worn. K. styyne, Ochs.—At Gaschurn very common of both sexes very locally at one spot beyond Tavamont. EF. nevine, Krr.—At Hisenkappel we took one newly batched male on 11th July, presumably var. loiblit. BE. euryale, Yisp.—In Austria south of the Tauern the type seems to be a modification of isarica, Heyne. in the direction of ocellaris, Ster. 74 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V1.19384 Thus on the hindwing of the males the brown band tends to break up on the upper surface into brown spots. This type is found every- where south of the Tauern; as one gets further west, the ocellaris element gets more predominant. At Hisenkappel real ocellaris seems unknown ; in Mallnitz and at Heiligenblut it is found quite often, while at Lienz in Ost Tirol, ocellaris forms 50% of those seen. Var. euryaloides, Tengst., is taken and aberrations are common. At Gaschurn the type is the usual adyte, Hb., though there are a few of an isarica facies, which would seem to show the boundary of adyte, on the North Hast passes somewhere along the Montafon valley. E. livea, Li.—At Hisenkappel there is a fine large but feebly marked race, presumably var. permayna, Fruhst. At Gaschurn the usual strongly marked Swiss type prevails. E.. gorge, Hsp.—At Mallnitz the males were beginning to appear about 20th July in the same locality as manto and tyndarus at 5500 ft. One is var. triopes, Splr., with white centred spots on both fore- and hindwings, the others are transitional to this, the usual Eastern type. At Gaschurn the same type was taken, newly hatching at Ferbellen. FE. tyndarus, sp.—At Mallnitz newly hatching about 20th July; at Gaschurn the same. FE. lappona, Ksp.—At Mallnitz and Gasehurn everywhere above the firwoods, of both sexes, up to 7800 ft. In conclusion our thanks are due to Brig.-Gen. B. H. Cooke for kindly identifying various insects. Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Continued from page 60.) Kugonia, Hb., polychloros, Li. becomes Nymphalis, Kluk. polychloros, Vanessa, Fb., to, L. becomes Nymphalis, Kluk. io, L. Evvanessa, Scud., antiopa, L. becomes Nymphalis, Kluk. antiopa, L.. Poor old Linnaeus is gradually being ousted from his high position. Nymphalis was a Linnaean creation. ‘The “ discovery”’ of the author Kluk (1802) 4Zweerz. Hist. nat. pocz. gospod, seems to have caused a great deal of troublesome revolutionary gymnastics. It would have been far better to have cleared the way before revision by excluding any fresh authority to those which had hitherto been used in nomenclature (granted, a difficult matter). Without some such reservation we shall be liable to further ‘‘ revision’’ when fresh ‘ discoveries ”’ are made, all naturally now very obscure publications. Scudder gives more than a page in his Historical Sketch to the consideration of this name, but with, to say the least, doubtful results. In fact there always seemed a difficulty in the application of this name and for some 60 years it has been used but sparingly, if at all, by modern authors since Kirby, who used it in 1871 but abandoned it later. In 1850 Stephens Cat. Brit. Lep. 12, uses EHugonia for antiopa, polychloros and urticae, thus restricting the choice of the type, and Grote’s action in 1878 in choosing c-awrewm is incorrect and Hugonia is apparently correct for those who wish to use a genus name for polychloros. CURRENT NOTES. 15 Polugonia, Hb. c-album, Li. remains Polygonia, Hb. c-album, L. Apatura, Fb. iris, L. remains Apatura, Fb. iris, L. Limenitis, Fb. sibylla, L., becomes Limenitis, Fb. camilla, L. (The correct spelling of sibylla should be sibilla.) It was shown long ago that our British species was wrongly named and should be camilla, but, strangely, we all forebore to make the necessary change, just as we have done in other cases, e.g., jurtina, L. for janira, L.; croceus, Frr. for edusa, Kb. and possibly electo, L. for croceus, Krr. Nemeobius, St. ducina, L. becomes Hamearis, Hb. lucina, L. For some time we have used Hamearis in this magazine. Lampides, Hb. boeticus, Li. becomes Cosmolyce, Toxop. boeticus, L. The founding of a new genus for boeticus is a natural development from our increase of specific knowledge. The highly specialized scale characters of boeticus are not found in any other species, hence the adoption of Cosmolyce, Toxop. Itis a pity that Hemming’s proposal of Lampidella could not stand, as it showed a hason with the former genus Lanpides. Cupido, Schrank minima, Fuess. becomes Cupido, Schrnk. minimus, Fuess. Evveres, Hb. argiades, Pall. remains Hveres, Hb., aryiades, Pall. (Lo be continued) GYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES. Parts 47, 48, 49, 50 of the Supplement to Seitz Palaearctic Macro- lepidoptera have just come to hand. ‘The two first of these complete the Bombycid and Sphingid Section of the Supplement with the Index, Title-page, etc., and finishes the Sup. to Vol. II. Additional forms are added to the following species which occur in Britain as well as notes on other forms already dealt with in the main volume. Arctia villica, Callimorpha dominula, Oryyia antiqua, Lymantria dispar, lorthesia similis, Malacosoma naustria, Gastropacha quercifolia and Odontes carmelita. There are most interesting remarks about Nomenclature. After pointing out that the Index contains almost as many names as there are in that of the Main Volume, Dr. Seitz notes that the increase of names is due mainly, not to an increase of newly discovered species but to ‘‘ the giving of names to any slight variation from the normal type.” He further remarks that ‘“‘ This obsession of denominating such specimens and claiming the right of priority for the author of every new denomination, has become almost intolerable.” ‘The inclusion and description of all these aberrations of the one Genus Zygauena comprises 73 pages and over 300 illustrations, ¢.e., one quarter of the entire Volume.’”’ We will quote Dr. Seitz further remarks in our next number. An Unexprecrep Resutt.—The following item is culled from the Journal of the ‘‘ Cactus and Succulent Society of America,” recently issued. ‘* Cactoblastis cactorum, the little imported American grub, that has reclaimed more than 8,000,000 acres of prickly pear infested land in North-eastern Australia, by the simple process of eating down the pear and killing the roots, is winning additional fame in some 76 ENTOMOLOGISI’S RECORD. ES WAL By! districts as the slayer of the Queensland adder. The adder regarding the grub as a pest, eats* it and dies from its meal. It is passing with the pear at a surprising rate. One explanation is that the adder’s motive for eating the Cactoblastis is not hunger, but revenge. The destruction of the vrickly-pear cactus is robbing the snake of his shelter, and he regards the grub as a home wrecker.”’ EnromotocicaL Chup, Verratt Supper.—The Verrall Supper Meeting was held at the Holborn Restaurant on 16th January, 1934. A conversazione before supper was held in a large room specially provided for the purpose and gave ample opportunity for the meeting of friends and discussion of entomological and other subjects. Mr. Jas. HK. Collin as usual was responsible for the organization of the meeting and must be -heartily congratulated on the success of the gathering at which the record number of 166 attended. Supper was served at 7.30, Mr. Robert Adkin in the Chair. After the toast of the King the Chairman made reference to the memory of the founder of this meeting, Mr. G. H. Verrall, who was elected a member of the Kntomological Club in 1887 and as time went on his meetings were so largely attended that at his death the function was continued in his memory. ‘This reference was as usual received in silence, the guests standing. After supper groups of friends again congregated and this very successful meeting terminated about 11 o’clock.—H. WitLoucHBy Exurs, Hon. Secretary. ; [The pressure on our space is so great that we are unable to give the List of those present.—H.J.T. | By chance we went into the public Insect Gallery at the Natural History Museum (B.M.) where for the most part very excellent expositions of Insect Life and Variety are presented to the general public. There we found that our colleague Mr. H. Donisthorpe had been at work putting a little neglected corner into presentable condition. A small section has now been devoted to a display of Ant-life, and with the addition of descriptions, diagrams, dissections and specimens, a really serviceable and attractive collection has been staged in two of the large table-cases. Several cabinet drawers are devoted to selected examples of notable exotic species systematically arranged, and in the wall cases one finds larger exhibits of ants’ nests, ete., now correctly named and located. The policy of the Museum authorities to get eminent specialists in the more difficult and less generally known branches of animal life to arrange and revise their treasures is very commendable and generally useful. We compliment Mr. Donisthorpe on the results of his work. We have received small separates from Dr. H. Zerny and Furst A. Caradja, also various separates from Herr M. Draudt on Noctuidae, of which he is making an intensive study for Seitz Swpplement, in place of the late Dr. A. Corti, whose death was a great loss to all who are’ interested in the Agrotidae in particular. * This reads like another case of ‘‘ Newspaper Herpertology.’’ What evidence is there that the viper eats the larvae of Cactoblastis? It seems to be unlikely.— T. B.-F. ; All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send ws communications 1DENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require InnusrRavions are inserted on condition that the AurHor defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subsoribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. hey should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘** Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhowse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,” Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. Excuanaes.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Diffinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of Huropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.—All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-sir. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—Living larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa querctis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, griseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, ete.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojfner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehdrde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. Duplicates.—Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species. Desiderata.—Living larvae : please send list of species obtainable.—A. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, S.W. 7. 8 p.m. October 3rd. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. June 28th, July 12th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘' Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Hssex. URUGUAY. Iwant to sell Lepidop- tera, Coleoptera, and other insects from this country and am seeking connections with collectors. H. ScunempErR, Correo Libertad, depto. San José, BUsCHENTAL, Rep. Uruguay. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/8. All communieations to be addressed to :— VV, Mi GRAVVFORD; BA. :R-ES.; 25, talon. soecy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rey. G. Wheelar, Rev. E. B. Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, Capt. P. Q. Parsons, W. D. Hincks, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and awrelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taentocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a Lepidopterist for 1890—lifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epwuda lichenea, Heliophobus hispidus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. GCONTENTS OF VOL. II. Mrnanism AND Metanocuroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Artieles on Variation (many)—How to breed dgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taeniocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Generi¢ nomen- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyvemna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora derasa, etc., etc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, VYanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. fo whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 35, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. Nos. 7-8 JULY-AUGUST, 1934, ENTOMOLOGISTS_ RECORD oo AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION t Eprrep R. S. BaGnatt, D.SC., F.R.E.S. H. DontstHoren, F.Z.8., F.R.4.S. ith the Matcoum Bore, D.Sc., F.R.#.S. T. Barnspricce FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, F.R.£.8. F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. sistance of |. A. Cockaynn, a.m., p.M., F.R.E.s., | H. Ei. Pagan, v.R.E.8. F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.B.1.S. J. EH. Conran, J.P., ¥.R.1.8. Rev. G. WHErLER, M.A., F.R.E.S., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Breraune-BakER, F.Z.8., F.R.E.S8. By Henry J. TURNER, ¥.R.£.8., F.R.H.8., Editorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Odonata [Ferangusopier#)! from Peru and Colombia, W. D. Hincks, M.P.S., F.R.E.S., ; : 17 The Cottian Alps and Turin in June- es 1933, Rev. H. B. ey HER Ss5 BL. S2= os 81 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. Se se 83 Nores on CoLLectIne. .. sh Se ‘Ss oe Ps at 5 85 Current Notes .. os ie sé ie e aie so es 85 SuPPLEMENTS.—British Noctuae, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (333)-(336) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (21)-(24) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS, to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.E.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). & * Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.’’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.0. Box. No. 126, TELE PHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 ey eee Ob ‘i ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET A J ° in | Al & SO N, MANUFAGTURERS, Have for disposal Re-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Insect Gahbinets; also Cheap Storage Gabinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ‘Phone: WitiEespen 0309. THE VASCULUM A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland, assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. W. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R-S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. WW. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM CARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. NOW READY BRITISH BEETLES Their Homes and Habits BY NORMAN JOY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.E.S., M.B.O.U. (Author of ‘‘ A Practical Handbook of British Beetles.’’) Illustrated with 4 full-page photographic plates, 27 plates of repre- sentative Species and numerous text diagrams. Size 8 in. by 52 in. Cloth Gilt, 5/- net. FREDERICK WARNE & CO, LTD., 1-4, Bedford Court, London, W.C.2. ‘“ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.H.S. pe Price, one copy, 1s. Od. ; two, Is. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kunneru J. Haywarp, F.R.E.S. 1s. 3d. Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) e3 .. 3s. Od. British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. AnpREWs, F.R.E.S 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37- “45 of Ent. Record, new series ; ineluding ‘Special Index. ae Jo Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. To be obtained post free from H. W. eee 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.E.9. ODONATA FROM PERU AND COLOMBIA. 17 Odonata (Paraneuroptera) from Peru and Colombia. By W. D. HINCKS, M.P.S., F.R.E.S. J. A®SHNIDAR. The present note is the first of a series in which it is proposed to deal with a large collection of Odonata made in Peru and Colombia. The papers will appear in any order in which the material becomes fully worked out. The splendid Odonata fauna of Central and South America has, of course, been the subject of a number of important memoirs during the present century of which Dr. Calvert’s monumental work (1901-08) in the Biologia Centrali Americana series may be said to be the pioneer. A subsequent contribution by that author (1909) and a large paper by — the late Dr. F. Ris (1918) have added much new and important information. More recently the late Mr. EK. B. Williamson and his co-workers have published a series of very important and well written papers dealing with the region. In all of these, however, the Peruvian fauna is the least adequately treated though Ris (1918) contains a number of records from this country. As some of the species in my collection have not been recorded from Peru and as some of them are of more than ordinary interest it is hoped that a preliminary faunal list will prove useful. Ris (1918) bas dealt with a considerable number of Colombian species and gives a list of those then known to occur. My own material from Colombia is not very extensive but is derived from more southerly localities than that of Ris and contains several interesting additions to his list. The material was collected—(1) Peru: Iquitos and Mishuyacu near Iquitos. (2) S. Antonio, Yumbatos and Balsapuerto in the Huallaga region of North Peru on or near the Rio Huallaga. (3) Colombia: Umbria and Florida in §.E. Colombia in the neighbourhood of the Upper Putumayo River. All these localities are on the Atlantic watershed and the material studied may therefore be regarded as derived from the head-waters of the Amazon and offers useful data for comparison with the better known lower Amazon fauna. The present notes relate to the Aeshnidae, the first family of which my material is fully worked out. Aeshnidae. 1. Coryphaeschna adnewa, (Hagen) 1861. Calvert, (1901-08) : 188 (shna). [Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Keuador, Brazil, West Indies.| —Martin (1908-09) : 75-76 (Aeschna). (Mexico, Honduras, Ecuador, Amazons, Brazil, Cuba, Haiti.] —Ris (1918) : 170. [Mexico, Panama, Brazil. | Peru: Mishuyacu. 14, 30.x11.30; 1g, 20.1v.81. Both specimens are much discoloured. A widely distributed species but apparently never taken in numbers. This appears to be the first record of specimens from Peru. 2. Triacanthagyna ditzlert, Williamson, 1923. Williamson (E. B.) (1928): 19-21. [Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, Brazil.] Peru: Mishuyacu. 14, 28.x11.30. 78 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 15.V11.1934 My single exponent of this interesting species is not in good condition but Mr. K. J, Morton inclines to the view that it is 7. ditzlert with which I agree aftera careful examination. Appears to be hitherto unrecorded from Peru. Length of abd. (excl. apps.) 40mm., hindwing 35mm. 8. Triacanthayyna satyrus, Martin, 1909. Martin (1908-10) : 177-178 (in part)—Williamson (E.B.) (1928) : 25-26. [Costa Rica, Venezuela, British Guiana. | Peru: Mishuyacu. 19, 18.x1.30; 19, 14.11.81; Iquitos. 1¢, 8.vi.31. Williamson points out that Martin mixed 7. septima and T. trifida in his series of this species and in examining the type material cites the true satyrus, from Peru and Brazil. Besides Martin’s specimens Williamson had only 8 3 g and a doubtful ¢ before bim when writing (1923). The second and third of my specimens are very advanced and the wings are throughout suffused with brown. All three have the same measurements. Abd. 42mm., hindwing 42mm. 4. Gynacantha tenuis, Martin, 1909. Martin (1908-09) : 175-176 (in part ?). [Amazons, Peru, Surinam. | —Williamson (E.B.) (1923) : 28-30. (Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Fr. Guiana. | Peru: Mishuyacu 1g 192, 8.viii.80; 19, 21.v.81—Yumbatos. LS elxeooe Originally described by Martin from 2g g and 39 @ in de Sélys’ collection which Williamson suggests represents more than one species. The female above recorded is probably correctly allocated to this Species. 5. Gynacantha auricularis, Martin, 1909. Martin (1908-09) : 176-177. [Surinam] —Williamson (I.B.) (1923) : 84-86. [Costa Rica, Venezuela, British Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil. ] Peru: Mishuyacu. 1¢, 28.11.31. Not, I believe, previously recorded from Peru. Closely allied to the next, G. klagesi, which is a smaller and more slender species. 6. Gynacantha klagesi, Williamson, 1923. Williamson (E.B.) (1923) : 86-37. [French Guiana. | Peru: Mishuyacu. 19, 10.viu.80; 2¢ ¢, 20.vii.80; 1,4, 29.vii.80; 19, 25.vii.80; 19, 27.vii.80; 19, 8.vill.80; 19, 2.111.381 ; LA (Sl SU Ovo cy Mean. voile sme Sauna Osvecila Nemeth, 14:v.81) 29 So 28iv-31 319), 2ivi.8il- lquitos 1g 1i7iw.3. An interesting series of this little known species hitherto recorded from French Guiana and based on 2g 19. : Length abd. $,46-47mm. ?,50-51mm. Hindwing 9 ,47-48mm. ?, 51-52mm. 7. Gynacantha nervosa, (Rambur) 1842. Calvert (1901-08) : 198. [Southern U.S., Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, W. Indies.| —Martin (1908-09) : 169-170. [Sovth America, Cuba, Porto Rico.] —Williamson (E.B.) (1928) : 40-48. [California, Florida, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Canal zone, Colombia, HKcuador, Bolivia, ODONATA FROM PERU AND COLOMBIA. "9 Venezuela, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil, Trinidad, Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica. | Peru: Mishuyacu. 14, 25.vi.80; 13, 20.vil.80; 13, 25.vii.30 ; La, PDAS” TB BG > WEL) Biche? LUG Frais) S'la es Gsvill- sO Zag demll.30)) 1 gd Oe Sivi1. 380 1g ol Oe 15:vii1.30); TA ZOsviInE SOR Ra gas | ZO eviblkOO lege SOsviliza Olah eAnixeoO) 52 1 gy, Gix.30 Lo 201x305 4g GaiixoOsn lig 28-v20 le This is the most abundant Aeschnid in the material before me yet it appears to be hitherto unrecorded from Peru. As indicated by the records above it is a very widely distributed species from the Southern States to Brazil. It will be noticed that almost all my specimens were taken in July, August and September, the largest number being captured in August. 8. Gynacantha litoralis, Williamson, 1928 ? Williamson (EH. B.) (1928) : 44. [Dutch Guiana and Brazil ?] Peru: Mishuyacu. 19, 27.ix.830—Yumbatos 1 9, xi.32. IT am doubtful of this determination as Williamson gives hardly any characters for the @ of his species. ‘These examples appear to be very close to G. nervosa, indeed it was to this species that I originally referred them, but they differ in having the 8rd segment of the abdomen slightly constricted, with the lateral carinae distinctly approaching the ventral carinae at the level of the transverse carina. This character brings the specimens to litovalis in Williamson’s key. The details given there were drawn from one of the aberrant specimens which Williamson doubtfully refers to this species. My examples agree with his in having two rows of cells between M, and Rs adjacent to the fork of Rs, as would specimens of nervosa. Williamson describes the wings of his Brazilian examples as uniformly brown tinged whilst mine have the subcostal space somewhat darkened basad with the costal and to a less extent the subcostal space brownish distad from the nodus. The constricted segment 3 precludes croceipennis which has been recorded from Peru and were it not for this character I would refer my specimens to nervosa. Length of abd. 9 53-54mm. MHindwings ? 54mm. 9. Gynacantha gracilis (Burmeister), 1839. Martin (1908-09) : 167-168 [S. America] —Williamson (H.B.) (1923): 47-48. [Costa Rica, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Dutch Guiana, Brazil. | Peru: Iquitos, 19, 8.vi.8l1—Mishuyacu, 1%, 6.vill.80; ig, Six SOs lie caves These appear to be the first Peruvian records. 10. Gynacantha membranalis, Karsch, 1891. Calvert (1901-08) : 194-195. [Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, KEecuador, Peru, Brazil.—{Martin (1908-09) : 168-169. [Panama to the Amazons.]—Ris (1918) : 155." [Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil.] —Williamson (H.B.) (1923) : 48-50 [Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, British Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil. | Cotrompia: Umbria, 1g 19, 1.xi.80; 1g, 9.xi.80; 1g, 11.xi.30; Lg, 4.xi.80; 19, 14.xi1.80; 19, 18.xi180; 19, 31.xi1.80; 32, 6.1.31; 29, 161.31. Peru: Mishuyacu, 1g, 10.11.31; 19, 8.iv.81; 19, 14.v.31. 80 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECOKD. 15.VII.1934 The following other Gynacanthas are recorded from Peru but are unrepresented in my material. G. adela, Martin, 1909, G. croceipennis, Martin, 1909, and G. interioris, Williamson, 1928. 11. Neuraeschna producta, Kimmins, 1933. Kimmins (1983): 226 [Peru]. Peru: Mishuyaeu. 19, 22.vii.380; 1¢, 25.1x.30; 19, 8.x.30 (paratypes) 1g, 20.1x.80; 1¢, 14.iv.31. I had separated this interesting species as new when I heard from Mr. Kimmins that he was about to describe it from material from the same source as my own. I therefore sent him what material I had available which he incorporated in the paper above referred to. It is evidently closely allied to N. harpya, but 1s at once separated by the longer inferior anal appendage. The remarks of Williamson (1980) when describing his N. mina ave of interest with regard to the habits of the genus, and his statement that all the known species are beauti- fully distinct in the form of the g appendages, still holds good. Williamson says ‘‘ very probably hardly a beginning has been made of our knowledge of the species of Newraeschna.” 12. Staurophlebia reticulata, Burmeister, 1839. Calvert (1901-08) 178-9 {Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, Guiana, Surinam, Brazil.| Martin (1908-09): 210-211 {[5. America] —Ris (1918): 156 [Panama, Heuador, Guiana, Brazil, Argentine. | Cotompra: Umbria. 2¢ 39, 9.xi.80; 19,19.xi.80; 19, 28.xi.80; DE TOU OTERO Om alee OG leodecune ge LO snes Peru: Mishuyacu. 1¢, 18.vii.80; 2¢ 9, 30.vii.380; 13, Dex DORM Geld XPOO RMA gig hoax GOeD Suse OexroO mma He4oxeaOr Dion IBS gO) s IL G4 PAsvecleal0)2 IL ais IOS aninet), Yumbatos. 1,9, 1x.382. I cannot find this widely distributed, powerful dragonfly recorded from either Colombia or Peru. 13. Staurophlebia gigantula, Martin, 1909. Martin (1908-09) : 211. [S. America, particularly the Amazon region. | Peru: Mishuyacu. 14, 20.viii.30; 19, 8.x.80; 39 g, 21.x.30; 13, 24.x.30: 13, 18.x1.80; 19, 6.xii.30; 19,274.81; 19, 10.ii.31 ; 1g, 14.11.81. These specimens constitute the first definite Peruvian record I am able to find. The species is closely allied to the preceding but is readily distinguished on sight by its smaller size. Besides the above 138 species and the 8 additional Gynacantha mentioned, the 6 species under mentioned appear in the literature I have at hand as occurring in Peru. Aeshna peralta, Ris (1918); viyintipunctata, Ris (1918); difinis, Ramb. (1842); brevifrons, Hagen (1861); tntricata, Martin (1909), and Rhionaeschna marita, Forst, (1909). In conclusion I should like to express my thanks to Mr. K. J. Morton for valuable assistance in naming several of the species herein included. COTTIAN ALPS AND TURIN IN JUNE-JULY, 1933. 81 Literature referred to : Burmeister, 1839. Handb. Entom., Odonata, 11. Calvert, 1901-08. Biologia Canal Americana, 11. Neuroptera. ue 1909. ‘Contributions to a knowledge of the Odonata of the Neotropical Region, exclusive of Mexico and Central America.” Ann, Carnegie Mus. Pittsburgh, vi. Hagen, 1861. Synopsis Neuroptera, North America. Karsch, 1891. Kritik des Systems der Aeschniden. Hunt. Nach. Xvil. 273-290. ; Kimmins, 1938. A new Species of Neuraeschna (Odonata). Eutomologist, xvi. 226-8. Martin, 1908-09. Coll. Zool. de Sélys: Aeschnines. Rambur, 1842. Historie Naturelle des Nevropteres. Ris., 1918. Libellen (Odonata) aus der Region der amerikanischen Kordilleren von Costarica bis Catamarca. Archiv. f. Naturgesch. 1916. 1918). Hea E.B., 1928. Notes on American Species of Triacan- thagyna and Gynacantha. Univ. Michigan, Mus. Zool. Miseell, Publ., no. 9, 1923, pp. 80. Williamson, E. B. & J. H., 1980. Two new Neotropical Aeshnines (Odonata) Occ, papers Mus, Zool., Univ. Michigan, no, 218, 1980, pp. 1d. The Cottian Alps and Turin in June-July, 1933. By Rev. E. B. ASHBY, F.B.E.S., F.Z.S. I left London the night of June 18th and arrived at Oulx the following night at 9.16 p.m. Snow was falling in the Alps of Savoie and in the Mt. Cenis district en route and I experienced very cold weather in the Oulx district until 27th June, when the weather became fine and continued so for the remainder of the three and a half weeks I was there. I stayed all the time at the Albergo Commercio, an inn immediately by Oulx station. The motor-buses for the mountain resorts start by the station entrance. I wish at the outset to express my thanks to Dr. Verity for the .very interesting series of articles he has written, from time to time, in the pages of this magazine on the ‘ Zygaenae, Grypocera and Rhopalocera of the Cottian Alps compared with other races,’ I have found these articles of immense interest, they represent an enormous amount of research, and they make our collections of infinitely greater interest. 1. Sruprinict Woop, Turin. 800 ft. I visited this old haunt of mine on June 20th and 26th. Asa result of the two visits I took the following insects. Ruopatockra.— brenthis dia; Aryynnis cydippe, var. cleodoxa, a few with the typical form; A. aglaia; Strymon ilicis var. aescult, O., fresh; S. w-albwm, abundant, but rather worn; Melitaea pseudathalia race celaduzza, Fruh. with transitions to melathalia, Rocei.; Plebeius argus =argyroynomon, Berg., mostly worn; Polygonia c-album, abundant ; Melanargia yalathea, race pedemontii, Vty., abundant and 82 ENTOMOLOGIS’S RECORD. 15. VI1.1934 fresh ; Rumicia phlaeas, abundant and fresh very dark and towards var. elews; Hugonia polychloros, very fresh and appeared fairly common, settling to rest on the Acacia italiana; Pieris daplidice ; Aphantopus hyperantus, race maxima, Vrty.; Lycaenopsis aryiolus. Hetwrocera.—Nemotois scabivsella, Scop.; Leucoma (Stilpnotia) salicis, Li., extremely abundant in both sexes; L. chrysorrhoea ; Nygmia phaeorrhoea ; Zygaena transalpina, race emendata, Vrty.; Z. stvechadis, race dubia, Stder.; Omphalophana anterrhini, Hub.; Hetropis crepus- cularia, Hub. ; Peronea boscana, Fab. _ Drietera.—Ocyptera bicolor, Oliv; Chrysops caecutiens; Pangonius haustellatus, I’. (with reference to this fine Dipteron, will collectors remember that the Brit: Museum, 8. Kensington, would be very glad of some specimens from Italy). The one specimen I caught on 26th June, was very fresh, and I found it settling on thistle blossoms in a large clearing 1n the heart of the wood, on the south side of the main road to Stupinigi mee ESauecEa. he ee elena Kvaniidae, Foenws assectator, By OxtHoptERa.— Blattella germanica, L. Neuroprera.—Chrysopa perla. Cotroptera.— Mavsoma lusitanica, 2. Lakes or Aviauiana. Above 1108 ft. On 22nd June, as the weather at Oulx was still too cold, I went down to Avigliana by train and walked out in about three quarters of an hour to the lakes of Avigliana and then taking the road which separates them and which leads to the best ground to the west of the second lake. Unfortunately there was little sun. I found the follow- ing insects. Ruopatocera.—Colias croceus, Fourc.; Coenonympha arcania; A. hyperantus, race rufilins, Frhst. CotrortEra.—Rhayonycha fulva, Scop.; Leptura melanura, L., Colaspidema atrum, Ol. ; Haosoma lusitanica ; O9edemera flavipes ; Haltica coryli, Al.; Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis, L.; and C. varieyatus, Fab. N&rUROPTERA.— Vanorpa communis. Hymenoptera.—Halictus maculatus 9 ; Prosopis confusa, 9 Nyl.; Hylotoma cyanocrocea. Herrrocera.—Pryausta sanguinalis, L. 8. CuHromente. 2525 ft. On 29th June I went by train after pranzo (déjeuner) from Oulx down the line to Chiomente. Arriving there I took the path which leads parallel to the line towards a bridge. Crossing the line under- neath this bridge a steep ascent begins, and although I did not get very far, lam told there is good collecting for a long distance by following this road. Shortly after passimg under the above bridge a path through cultivated land opens on right for some distance. Along this path I took some Burnet Moths which were flying in great number and in prime condition. ‘The insects taken at Chiomente were : — NOMENCLATURE. THE LIST. 83 Raopavtocera.—M. pseudathalia race celaduzza, Fruh.; MM. galathea, race pedemontit, Vrty.; Polyommatus eschert, race balestret,, Frhst.; P. (Cyaniris) semtargus, race montana, M.D. Heterocera.—Larentia dotata, L.; Amphidasis betularia, L., two specimens taken at rest on the walls of Chiomente station; Zyyaena stoechadis, Bkh., with race dubia, Stdgr.; race alpiumgigas, Vrty. (=major, Frey. nom. praeoce.) ; 7%. lonicerae, Esp., race alpiwmn-gigas, Vrty.; 2%. trifolit, Esp. Dr. Verity says this is probably alpiumnana, Vrty. resembling superficially a form of lonicerae; Z. scabtosae race orton, H.S.; 4. transalpina race alpicola, Vrty. =alpium, B.; Z. lavandulae var. consobrina, and the typical race; Syntomis phegea. Cotroptera. —Molytes glabratus, F.; Rhizotrogus vernalis, Brullé. Hymenoprera.—/lalictus laevigatus, K., 9 ; H.albipes 9 ; Andrena nigroaenea, Kirb. @ ; Psithyrus rupestris, Fab.; Acanthomyops (Chthonolasinus) wnbratus, Nyl., 2 ; Camponotus (Tanacmyrmea) aethiops, Latr. 4. JOUVENCEAU. There is an excellent collecting ground just above this village ; leaving the roadtrack, and taking a path to left which runs parallel toa stream for some distance. Jouvenceau can be reached on foot through the main village of Oulx ; ask the way and lunch should be carried if the whole day is given to this excursion. I ascended there on 30th June. After passing the first village there is a bridle-path on right, which shortens the walk and gives some shade, but is rough in places. I took the following insects. Ruopatocera.—Brenthis amathusia, Ei. race titania, Ksp.; Issoria lathonia, L., race emiflorens, Vriy.; Erebia ceto, Hub. ; Leptosia sinapis, race magna, Vrty., 1 Gen.; Pararye maera, L., race herdonia, Frhst. ; M. cinawia, race arelatia, Frhst.; P. (C.) semiargus, race montana, M.D.; M. pseudathalia race celaduzza, Fruh. M. aurelia race imitatria, Vrty. M, dictynna, race subalpina, Vrty.; Chrysophanus hippothoé, race eurybia, O.; Plebeius argus race philonomus, Bergstr ; Aricia medon, K.; Plebeius idas, L.=aryyroynomon, Bergstr.; Heodes virgaureae, race inalpinus, Yrty., one very large male amongst others. (To be concluded.) Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.EH.S., F.R.H.S. (Continued from page 75.) Plebeius, Li. aegon, Schiff. becomes Plebezus, Kluk argus, L. We now come to the main section of the Family which hitherto has been called the Lycaenidae. Whether this family name will stand in future depends upon the Zoologists’ Code apparently. The main genera have hitherto been Plebeius, L., Polyommatus, Latr. and Lycaena, Fb. These have become in modern times very unwieldy from the number of species included in each, in fact continental authorities, following Staudinger, had come to use Lycaena alone for these three groups ; a convenient way of burking difficulties, but not at all satisfactory ; ¢.y. Seitz Palaearctic Rhopalocera. Many genera were carved out from these three by those working on special 84 HNLOMOLUGIST’S RWCORD. 15.V1II.1934 species or small groups, as did Tutt and his helpers. Then Mr. Bethune-Baker with his comprehensive knowledge of the ‘ blues” of the world, took up the task of sorting out the Palaearctic species by gaining an intimate knowledge of their genitalia. As a result he placed the following species in the genus Plebetns (sens. lat.) : aegon, (argus, Li.) Schiff:, insularis, Leech, argyrognomon, Bergstr. (argus, 1.), aegidion, Meisn., barine, Leech, tancrei, Graes., cleobis, Brem., eversmanni, Stder., grumt, Stdgr., lucifera, Stdgr., themis, Gr.- Gr., eurypilus, Err., pylaon, Fisch., zephyrus, Friv., lyctdas, Trapp., allardii, Obthr., ferghana, Stdgr., martini, All., staudingert, Christ., christophi, Stdgr., alaina, Stdegr., steversi, Christ., hyrcana, Led., bellona, Gr.-Gr., alcedo, Christ. (all the above sens. strict.) with medon, Hufn. and donzelii, Bdv. (part of the genus dricia, R.Ju. of Tutt, etc.) with orbitulus, Prun., pyrenaica, Bdy., aquilo, Auriv., elvira, Ey., aegragrus, Christ., edlist, Marsch., pheretiades, Kv. (the genus Latiorina, of Tutt, etc.) with pheretes, Hb., chrysopis, Gr.-Gr., omphisa, Mr., felicis, Obthr. (the genus Albulina of Tutt etc.). See Hnt. Record 1914, p. 138, ete. He further stated that he was unable to differentiate between the three last groups and the Plebeius (sens. strict.) group, and hence sinks them (Aricta, Albulina and Latiorina). Kirby, Hand, Ord. Lep. (1896) IL. 87, points, out that Cuvier Tab. Elém a’ Hist. Nat. (1799). 591, fixed the type of Plebetus as argus, L. (aegon) though he only used-the plural for Plebett. Our Nomenclators make a lot of capital out of this singular and plural business although there is nothingin it. The old entomologists were brought up on the Classic languages and aired their knowledge or ignorance at every OHO and those who were not so trained perforce copied them. Scudder rejects this action of Cuvier, see Hist. Sketch Pref. on quite untenable grounds. The genus name Plebeius occurs in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1758. Plebejus is only a fancy spelling: j was often used for 7 in old literature and savours of pedantry. Such gymnastics are condemned by the zoologists’ code which is supposed to be followed. We do not agree it is generally accepted that the correct specific name of the only British species of this genus is aryus. The arqus- aegon question has sickened one by its ineffective prolixity; Rev. G. Wheeler has shown in this magazine more than once that aegon must be the name of our British “‘ silver-studded blue.” Others, particularly Courvoisier, have championed the other side. The confusion of using the one name argus for two almost identical common species causes the utmost confusion which the use of aegon avoids. Seitz bas made the best suggestion for the solution in Vol. I. p. 300, Palaearctic Rhopalocera. He says ‘‘ From a practical point of view the simplest solution would be arrived at, if the names aeyon, Schiff. (=argus, L.) and argus, Schiff. were employed for the two species.” We would add that, to settle all further confusion, these names used in this application should be submitted for preservation, to prevent the utter confusion which has arisen from the misuse of the name argus, and which will continue if argus be accepted to replace aegon. (To be continued) CURRENT NOTES. 85 J) OTES ON COLLECTING, ete. A correspondent of the Times reports the occurrence ofa ? specimen of Dicranura vinula from Barra, an island of the Outer Hebrides, which emerged there from a wild gathered cocoon, on 23rd April. I believe there are no records of this species from the Orkneys or Shet- lands, and have no definite knowledge of its previous occurrence in the Outer Hebrides. Sallow bushes grow there upon which the larvae would feed. The date of emergence is unusually early.—Hy.J.T. Disrripution or Hirgepia aRETE.—On p. 73 ante the authors state that they have met with Hrebia arete at Mallnitz about 65 miles west of its well known locality on the Sau Alp and are not aware of any record of captures between these two areas. Our correspondent Herr Warnecke very kindly refers us to an article in the Wnt. Zeit. (1920-1) pp. 77 ete. of vol, 84 where EH. arete is reported as common generally in the Turracher Alpen, the upper part of the Gurk-tal, on the western boundary of Stiermark. Burrerriies anp Eiepnants.—The following observation is worth recording. It is by my friend Lt.-Colonel L. H. Bethell, who is not an entomologist, but an observant traveller. Apropos of the ‘“ sapro- phytic tendencies of the butterfly,” he writes, ‘‘ the same thing struck me, with the same amazement, that such a delicate thing could be such a foul feeder, in the jungles of the Assam hinterland. I had charge of a battalion of Gurkhas there; and, being jungle-stationed, part of my regimental fit-out was a team of nine pack-elephants, whose job it was to connect us with our ration-boxes on the river. They tramped a narrow path which we, for lack of a better, also used, leading up to the stockades. The elephant, as you know, when he defaecates, leaves a monumental piece of work. I never saw a butterfly in all those jungles normally, but every one of those colossal heaps (over which one had to step in the narrow path; there was no way round), was literally covered with myriads of butterflies, all shapes, sizes and brilliant colours, till you simply could not see what lay beneath. Where they came from, I’ve not the least idea; but the presence of foul feeding of that sort must have attracted them, in inconspicuous ones and twos, from every direction. Has a butterfly a sense of smell? It could not have been sight. Visibility in those dense rain-forests was normally about six feet, and not always that.” —M.B. GYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICES. Four further parts of the Lepidopterorum Catalogus have recently been issued. Part 58: continues the references to the Saturniidae, of the subfamilies Saturniinae and Ludiinae; Part 59: contains the Notodontidae; Part 60: continues the Pieridae by G. Talbot ; Part 61: continues the Geometridae by L. B. Prout. As usual Mr. Prout’s work is wonderfully complete; he has carefully noted even summarized reports of the meetings of Societies as published in magazines (See page 82 fora 8. London Socy. reference). We cannot refrain from again pointing out the incorrect method of specific reference in the 86 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.V11.19384 Pieridae part. Butler did not write vestalis vestalis but vestalis, and if the first reviser wishes to double the name it certainly should be written vestalis, Btlr. vestalis (first reviser’s name). Butler's name naturally included the species as a whole, whereas the first reviser who pointed out its comprehensiveness limited the inclusion to aspecified form. It is also a pity that the format of this section differs from the whole of the rest of the Catalogue, in empkasizing the subspecies as species by heavy type. On p. 258 of this family are two references we have been unable to verify even in the B.M., viz., aestiva and borealis forms of napt-oleracea, names said to have been described in The New Enyland Farmer by Harris in 1829, vol. VIIL? (or VII). One finds oleracea in Vol. VII. p. 402 in this newspaper. Even Kirby does not give these names in his System. Cat. nor do they occur in Sherborn. The utility of these wonderful lists of references must be unlimited. A meeting of the Entomological Club was held at Caracas, Ditton Hill, on 8th March, 19384, Mr. W. J. Kaye in the Chair. Members Present in addition to the Chairman :—Mr. Robert Adkin, Mr. Horace Donisthorpe, Prof. HE. B. Poulton, Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, Mr. Jas. E. Collin, and Dr. Harry Eltringham. Visitors Present :—Capt. N. D. Riley, Mr. C. N. Hughes, Mr. W. H. T. Tams, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston, and Mr. Frank A. Oldaker. The guests were received at 6.30 onwards by Mr., Mrs. and the Misses Kaye. The Chairman’s comprehensive collections of Rhopalocera were on view. ‘he house was decorated with some beautiful specimens of orchids of which the Chairman for many years has been a most successful grower. Supper was served at 8 o'clock and after a most enjoyable evening the guests dispersed at a late hour.—H. Wituoucuey-Euus. Herr G. Warnecke of Kiel has sent us a reprint of his articles collected from the Int. Hnt. Zeit. on the connection of Ants and Lycaentdae; in which he summarises all that is known of this curious and interesting relationship. He gives particulars of some 65 species of 24 Lycaenid genera, with 8 plates and several text figures. All references are given and Lists of the chief works on the subject. A very valuable summary. The same author has also sent us a number of separates of the articles he has contributed to various magazines on entomological subjects during the past few years, containing numerous plates and text figures. They deal with the micro-lepidoptera of the middle Rhine area, an Arctic relic of Germany, Lepidoptera of S.W. Arabia, the distribution of Lampides bveticus in mid Kurope, ete. Wherever Sig. Orazio Querci stays he does a large amount of entomological research and his results are published locally. Some while ago we referred to his work on the Rhopalocera of Spain which was published in Barcelona. Now we have to record a compilation of the Bibliography of the Rhopalocera of Portugal, which was published at Lisbon in the Arquivos do Musen Bocage. It consists of 112 small quarto pages and deals with 117 species, giving the name with reference to figures, the original description and the distribution in Portugal, with occasional notes of interest. References are added to literature before Linnaeus, e.g., Moutfet, Ray, Aldrovandus, Petiver, Wilkes, Roesel, etc. Much of the distribution notes were obtained from Wattison’s notes of 1928-9. Such a work is very useful to those who collect in Portugal. The CURRENT NOTES. 87 descriptions are all reproduced in the language in which they were originally made, often with an expanded description when the original is too brief for modern work. CommittEe For THE Prorection oF British Insecrs.—An appeal is made to all Entomologists and others interested in the Protection of our Insect Fauna to subscribe to the Protection Fund of the above Committee. It is not the object of the Committee to restrict legitimate collecting for research purposes provided that a portion of the area to be protected can be kept as a sanctuary. These sanctuaries require looking after. A certain amount of mowing and thinning must be done consistent with the interests of the species to be protected, otherwise the sanctuaries become overgrown and the food-plants choked. In some Cases it is necessary to provide a watcher during the breeding season and sometimes to contribute to the rent of the sanctuary. Donations and subscriptions should be sent to H. M. Edelsten, Hon. Secretary, Committee for the Protection of British Insects, Royal Entomological Society of London, 41, Queen’s Gate, S.W.7. Parts 49 and 50 of the Supplement to Seitz Palaearctic Noctuae are very important for British entomologists interested in variation. In the 3 sheets (24 pages) the variation of no less than 36 species occurring in Britain is considered. The species concerned are those in the genera Polia, Harmodia, Aplecta, Tholera, Monima, Hyphilare, Sideritis, ete. (our old Dianthoecia, Hadena in part, Taeniocampa, and Leucania), and considerably over 100 variations are dealt with. Marmodia (Dianthvecia) caesia, Monima (Taeniocampa) yothica, M. stabilis, M. gracilis as well as the tangle luteayo-barrettii-andalusica are given more in detail. The result of the work of British entomologists that barrettit is a form of andalusica a separate species from luteago, is accepted. On the 3 plates there are no less than 163 figures, Three parts of the Main Volume of Seitz American Bombyces, ete., have just been issued and contain 3 sheets and 6 plates. This huge volume still wants about 200 pages and 20 plates to complete it. Nine of the seventeen volumes projected in 1906 have been completed and also two volumes of the Supplement to the Huropean portion, with 918 coloured plates and many thousand figures. We have received the Volumes containing the account of the Fifth Congress of Kntomology held in Paris in July, 1932. The Report contains the Papers received by the Congress, many of which there was no time to read and discuss. The volumes consist of some 1000 pages with 37 plates and many text figures and dealing with the various aspects and activities of the science allocated in the following Sections : General Entomology; Morphology, etce.; Ecology, ete.; Applied Entomology ; Medical Entomology ; Forest Entomology ; Apiculture ; and Nomenclature. No less than 106 papers are printed of which more than half were in French and more than a quarter were by Kinglish speaking authors ; about a dozen were German. Hconomic and applied entomology form the bulk of the subjects discussed. One of the most interesting papers is that of Dr. Pictet, A consideration of the mongrel population of the Lepidoptera in the zone of contact between the habitats. It is illustrated with four plates and numerous diagrams. The area dealt with is that of the Swiss National Park in the Engadine and the species studied Hrebia pronoe and its form pitho, Hrebia nerine 88 ENTOMOLOGISY’S RECORD. 15. VII.1934 and its form vreichlini, EHrebia cassiope, Argynnis (Brenthis) pales, | Nemeophila plantaginis, Hrebia gorge and its form triopes. Prof. Poulton assembles a mass of evidence to show that the attempts made during the past quarter of a century to disprove the theories of Mimicry, Warning Colours and Protective Resemblance in Insects are without foundation ; a really delightful paper. The subject of Mimicry is again discussed in a paper by Franz Heikertinger of Vienna, with three plates. Jf space permits we will mention some of the more outstanding papers in this volume later in the year. May we remind our readers of two things to keepin mind. 1. To remember what has been requested about the Colorado Beetle; 2. To keep an eye on, and to record all species suspected of immigration. We might also ask for reports of second broods this year ; as the spring and early summer have been so abnormal and vegetation has matured much earlier, the appearances of many species are sure to be affected. In some Sussex areas the oaks are very badly attacked by Tortria viridana larvae. . Dr. Seitz, in his Preface to the Supplement of the lalaearctic Bombycids-Sphingids (Supp. Vol. II.), referring to the obsession of naming says, ‘‘ Some method must be found of preventing the small number of indispensable and scientifically valuable names being sub- merged by this flood of dispensable denominations.” ‘‘ The main object of this work is to enable collectors to find a definition and description of every name that may be found in literature, in any Museum or private collection, in descriptions of fauna, etc.” ‘The editor was forced to consider the wishes of his subscribers and disregard the strictly scientific standpoint, which would have appealed to only about 5% of his readers. The other 95%, that study entomology as a matter of sport, or as a hobby, frequently take more interest in a denominated aberration of some local indigenous species than in an exotic rarity from far off lands.’ In fact the whole preface gives one much food for thought and is well worth perusing. We regret to see the announcement of the death of another of the small band of French entomologists who have for many years devoted their attention to the micro-lepidoptera, M. Chétien. It was not two years ago that M. Joannis passed away, another of those who were great students of the micros. M. Chétien was in his 88th year and with M. Joannis was one of the founders and strong supporters of the fine little paper L’ Amateur de Papillons. The Royal Entomological Society have announced that they will hold a Conversazione on Thursday, 13th September, in their rooms at. 41, Queen’s Gate, S. Kensington during the Third International Locust Conference. Corrections :—p. 76 “ herpertology ”’ should be of course ‘‘ herpeto- logy.” f p. (881) Brit. Noct. “ tarawici”’ should be ‘ taraxact.” p. 64. ‘‘ Flinders ”’ should be “ Vlinders.”’ All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTEL should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Tornin, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents Nor lo send us communications DENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable aa if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require Innusrrarions are inserted on condition that the AurHor defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to Mr, Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’” West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desiderata.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. VW’. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.—Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection; list sent.—h. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.—Albimacula*, sparganii*. Desiderata.—Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D. caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘‘ dwrago,”’ Bromjields, Pulborough, Sussex. ExcHaners.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, Lucernea, Neglecta, Ditfinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. Duplicates.—A large number of species of Kuropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.—All British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desideratu.—Living larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa quercus. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, sriseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, etc.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Soffner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehorde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. Duplicates.—Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species. Desiderata.—Living larvae: please send list of species obtainable.—d. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41, Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, 8.W. 7. 8 p.m. October 3rd. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. July 12th, 26th, August 9th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘* Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Hssex. URUGUAY. I want to sell Lepidop- tera, Coleoptera, and other insects from this country and am seeking connections with collectors. H. ScHnrIpER, Correo Libertad, depto. San José, BuscHEnTAL, ep. Uruguay. ee IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., M.B.0O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Wecaiad Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/3. All communications to be addressed to :— VV M. CRAWFORD, BA., F-RE.S5 12's; Inonagseey. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rev. G. Wheeler, Rev. E. B. Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, Capt. P. Q. Parsons, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, “ TLatemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Vol. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Genus Acronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and aurelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Paper on Taenitocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrogpect of a Iepidopterist for 1890—Nifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hispidus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. GONTENTS OF VOL. Il. Menanism anpD MertanocHroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on VARIATION (many)—How to breed dAgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taentocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and A. betularia—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, 8. London—Generic nomen- elature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyemna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Lifehistory of Gonophora derasa, ete., etc., 312 pp. {To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. to whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 85, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. fo te Sei ee SEP 28 1934 Vol. XLVI. ENTOMOLOGISTS | RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION R. S. BAGNALh, D.SC., F.R.E.S. H. DonisTHORPE, F.Z.8., F.R.E.8. Matcoum Burr, D.SC., F.R.E.S. T. BarnsriccE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, r.R.u.s. F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. hsistance of E. A. Cockayne, a.mM., D.M., F.R.E.S., | H. EH. Paan, F.R..S. F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.E.S. J. KH. Conn, J.P., ¥.R.1.8. Rev. G. WHEELER, M.A., F.R-.E.S., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. Breraune-Baker, F.Z.S., F.R.E.8. By Henry J. a ee ¥.R.E.S., F.R.H.S., Hditorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Dutch Forms of Lepidoptera described in Holland, B. J. Lempke .. ee 89 Landscape Memories, G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.R.H.S., F.Z.8. ap oe 90 Nomenclature, The hist, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.H.S., F.R.H.S. se ats 92 Notres on Conuectinc.—D. vinula in the Outer Hebrides, R. Adkin, F.R.E.S. ; Abundance of M. vulgaris in Windsor Forest, H. Donisthorpe, F.R.E.S.; Diprion polytomum - in Windsor Forest, Id.; Further Notes from Torquay, Capt. C. Q. Parsons ; 8. Devon Notes, Td. ; Irish eee Com. Wyndham Forbes, F.R.E.S. So 94 Current Nortzes .. ‘ : ate a ae 66 of 95 Reviews.—Proce. and Take: Ss. eee Ent. SAY: as ae Sve 3¢ 99 Oxzituary.—Wm. Frederick Johnson .. ve 100 SuprLeEMENTS.—British Noctuae, Hy. J. Der F. R1 E.S., P. UR. H. 8. (337)-(340) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (25)-(28) Subseription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.E.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). Val we Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full — Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the Wor!d.”’ ' 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., Engiand | |) BO. (Bax. \ne. APBD Fy) THLEPHCONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 . aT (ven ENTOMOLOGIGAL GABINET J. J ag Hi | LL & SO N, MANUFACTURERS, Have for disposal Re=-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Insect Gabinets; also Cheap Storage Gabinets for Insects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WitumspEen 0309. PHE VASCULUM A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland. assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. W. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R.S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. VV. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM GARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastle-on-Tyne. AN IMPORTANT NEW WORK BEES, WASPS, ANTS, AND ALLIED — INSECTS OF THE BRITISH ISLES EDWARD STEP, F.L.S. With 44 Plates in Colour showing 470 figures, and 67 half-tone Plates showing 170 photographic reproductions. Prospectus available Price ics net. FREDERICK WARNE & CO. LTD. Chandos House, Bedford Court, London, W.C. 2. “ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. is Price, one copy, 1s. 0d. ; two, 1s. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kunnety J. Haywarp, F.R.H.S. Is. 3d. 7 Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. EB Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) ss Paros: : British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. ‘ Anprews, F.R.E.S 6d. / Back Volumes, Nos. 37- -45 of Ent. Record, new series ; including ‘Special q Index . 06 an Price, per vol. 12s. 6d. ; q To be oa post free ee H, W. ae 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.H.9. DUTCH FORMS OF LEPIDOPTERA. 89 Dutch Forms of Lepidoptera described in Holland. By B. J. LEMPKE. (Concluded from page 66.) Correction.—On p. 64 for ‘‘ Flinders ’’ read ‘‘ Vlinders.”’ 11. Aricia medon, Hun. (astrarche, Brgstr.) ab. snelleni, ter Haar, Onze Vlinders, p. 13, 1899 (or 1900). <‘Is constituted of examples in which the black points in the middle of the forewings are wholly or partially surrounded by a white ring.” Ab. albiannulata, Harrison, Hint. Rec., xvili., p. 286, 1906, falls as a synonym. 12. Aricia medon, Hufn., ab. graafii, ter Huell, Sepp’s Nederl. Ins., vol. VIL., preface, p. i1., fig. on frontispiece, 1855. ‘ With white instead of orange marginal points.” 13. Rhyacia orbona, Hufn. (comes, Hb.) ab. pronubina, de Graaf, Sepp’s Nederl. Ins., vol. vii., p. 189, 1843-55. <‘‘ Forewings of a grey- ish olive colour, markings less clear. Hindwings without the black lunule.” In Bowwst., I. p. 250, note 1, 1858, de Graaf writes: ‘“‘connuba, Hb., 680, is, if not another species, certainly another variety.” Connuba, Hb., fig. 680, has the forewings yellowish-brown with markings, so it is impossible to treat pronubina as a synonym. 14. Cosmia (Xanthia) fulvago, Li. ab. togatoides, Snellen, Vijdschr. v. Mut., vol. 58, p. 816, Blet. Dec., 1910. ‘‘ The ground colour of the forewings is not sulphur yellow, but vividly citron yellow as in toyata (lutea, Stro6m.|. Head and collar as well as the markings are however as in the type of the species.” 15. Conistra (Orrhodia) erythrocephala, F., ab. caeca, ter Haar, Onze Vlinders, p. 215, 1902 (or 1903). “ The lower half of the reni- form stigma is usually sharply filled with black, but not always. These sub-varieties could be named caeca.” Ab. impunetata, Splr., Schm. Hur., L., p. 254, 1907, is a synonym. 16. Conistra ligula, Esp. ab. auroniyra, Heylaerts, Tijdschr. v. Hut., vol. 88, p. xxxvill, 1889. ‘‘ An example was found by me, near the Speelhuis [Breda], which had the anterior wings deep black, a basal point, the orbicular and reniform stigmata, the outer line and the fringes of a magnificent golden yellow.” 17. Constra rubiginea, F., ab. wnicolor, Heylaerts, op. cit., vol. 33, p. xxxvill, 1889. ‘‘ Among a large number of specimens of this species, reared ab ovo, I have obtained some examples without the ordinary markings and spots.” Ab. unicolor, Tutt, Brit. Noct., IIl., p 7, 1892, falls as a synonym. 18. Sarrothripus revayana, Scop. ab. grisea, ter Haar, Onze Vlinders, p. 65, 1900 (or 1901). ‘Has a grey ground-colour and is otherwise as var. V.” [=ramosana, Hb.| An example of this aberration, of which only very few have been taken in Holland, is excellently figured by Oudemans, Tijdschr. v, Hint. vol. 39, pl. 8, fig.5, 1895. Sheldon (/ntom., vol. 52, p. 101, plt. I. fig. 8, 1919) names the forms paler than the type of ramosana, Hb. : cladodes, Sh. His name can stand for all the forms paler than »amosana, but not pure grey. ‘The figure of Barrett, quoted by Sheldon, greatly differs from the one of Oudemans by its ground colour. 90 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.1X.1984 Sagittata, Sh., which has a grey ground colour, differs in the form of the dark streak, which has a normal ramosana-form in grisea. 19. Cybosia mesomella, L., ab. flava, de Graaf, Bouwst., 1. p. 2384, 1853. ‘Var. fava.—Hb. 266.—Eneram. vi., fig. 304, a, b. The upper wings are instead of whitish, strong yellow ; otherwise as in the type.” Ab. flava, Preiss., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges., Vol. 59, p. (283), 1909, is a synonym. As there is some confusion about the type form of mesomella, 1t will be well to quote Linne’s original description (Syst. Nat., X. ed., p. 535, 1758) : “ P. Tinea alis supra albis, subtus luteis, interne nigris. Habitat in Gramine.” So the form with whitish forewings is the type (=eborina, Hb., Beitr. I., 3, pl R., fig. Q, 1786, and Samml. Hur. Schm., Bombyces, fig. 104; =albida, Catherine, Amat. de Pap., I, p. 242, 1923) and not the form with yellow forewings, as Catherine and d’Aldin write. (Is this form predominant somewhere in France ?) 20. Miltochrista miniata, Forst., ab. flava, de Graaf, Bouwst., L., p. 284, 18538. ‘‘ Differs from the typical form only by the deep yellow ground-colour of the wings.” Ab. crocea, Bignault, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1880, p. 105, and flava, Meyer, Insektenbdrse, vol. 23, p. 88, 1906, are synonyms. 21. Pelosia muscerda, Hufn., ab. tmmaculata, Oudms., Vijdschr. v. Eintom., vol. 42, verslag [report] p. 20, 1899. Here Oudemans proposes to name the ab. without the points on the forewings: ab. immaculata. The form was figured op. cit., vol. 40, pl. 12, fig. 2, by Snellen (without naming it). Ab. concolor, Schultz, Mnt. Zettschr., xxii., p. 183, 1900, falls as a synonym. 22. Trochilinm crabroniformis, Lewin, ab. credanensis, Heylaerts, Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. 26, p. CLI., 1883. ‘‘ The thorax shows a tuft of deep yellow hairs at the base of the anterior wings; the scutellum of the mesothorax has two rather large yellow lunules, the inner sides of which are turned to each other. The first abdominal ring is yellow and covered with rather long hairs of the same colour, the second is black with bronze reflection ; the third is yellow; the fourth is shining reddish orange and, as all the others, which are yellow, with a very narrow black border; the anal tuft is also of a yellow orange colour and shining. Antennae, palpi, feet, etc., are typical.” February, 1934. Amsterdam. Landscape Memories. By G. T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S. Memories come and go like clouds in a summer sky, they float in the blue and disappear only to form again and soar above you. It is well over half a century ago since 1 made my first visit to Switzerland. There was then no railway up the Visp valley, and my friend and I were off at seven o’clock in the morning for Stalden, and then on to St. Nicholas, where we put up for the night. Up betimes in the morning we ascended and still ascended, then suddenly the first elimpse of the Matterhorn came in sight, and a little later the full view of that stupendous, and ever entrancing mountain, came into LANDSCAPE MEMORIES. 91 sight, a vision of snowy whiteness. Its terrible precipitous face is rarely so seen in summer, for the snow never lies there, but there happened to have been a heavy fall that had not had time to melt in those upper regions in spite of the sunshine in which we and everything were bathed. But even more beautiful still than the superb mountain ip its snowy coldness, lay a dazzling scene of exquisite blue almost at our feet, for there in front of us shone an acre or more of Gentiana verna in such profusion and brilliance as I have never again seen; a memory never to be obliterated. Apart from runs to catch, or try to eatch, Pieris callidice, the capture, that remains in my mind, is that of Naclia punetata, of which we caught several in the early morning between Visp and Stalden. Another reminiscence, again starting from the Rhone Valley, was , a tramp up the Orsiéres-Dranse valley, over the Great St. Bernard to Aosta. We took refuge at the Hospice for the night, and it was a little alarming, as we approached its hospitable doors, to be greeted by a score or more of great St. Bernard dogs, all baying around us. They were, however, quite respectful to strangers. Snow was everywhere and deep. Continuing our way the next morning, a little distance below the ridge of the pass, the snow was melting on a shoulder exposed to the full power of the sun’s rays, and here we found hundreds of the larvae of Zygaena exulans on the grassy slope. Some of these I sent to Buckler, and his figures of them were those given in his work on the Larvae of British Moths. The contrast of Aosta, with its vineyards and rather dried up vegetation—it was very hot—.compared with the luxuriant and flowery hay-fields a couple of thousand feet higher up, was very marked. It is a long cry from there to the Pyrenees, but I recall my first visit, over twenty-five years ago, to Gavarnie; Hugh Jones was with me, and my old friend Colbran Wainwright joined usa week later. It was a walk with the latter over the Vignemal Pass to the Lac de Gaube that I recall. We had been collecting too long and were beginning to push on when as we suddenly rounded a sharp mountain bend in the track, a scene of such exquisite beauty met our gaze that both of us spontaneously stood transfixed with the single, softly uttered ‘Oh!’ coming from our lips as we stood and gazed, and gazed. For there, just before us, arose two mountains side by side, separated only by a very narrow grassy valley that was thickly carpeted with rich ultramarine blue Iris, not purple but rich true blue, extending half way up the sides of both mountains; the vast mass of heavenly blue mingling with the deep green of the foliage, formed a scene of beauty that will ever remain a joy to think of. Now, the pinnacles and aiguilles and turreted embattlements of the Rosenlaui float before my eyes. ‘These seen from Weisslahnbad, bathed in the delicate early sunset rays are again a very happy memory ; as the sunset colours deepen, the silvery grey of the range with its entrancing peaks and towers becomes deep erimson in hue, and in its darker tints transform the early delicate aspect into one of rather terrible and forbidding splendour. This is a beautiful neighbourhood (and up to the Pordoi Pass and beyond) for the rocky flower denizens that love these limestone mountain crannies, and many precious specimens changed their habitat, and seemed quite happy in so doing. It is not far, comparatively speaking, from here to the Engadine, 92 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1X.1984 Pontresina, the Queen of the Alps; her wonderfully varied mountain forms and scenes entrance me more, each time I revisit them. My last visit, with two old friends, was eight years ago; we arrived there on 2nd July, a very late season, for the snow had only left the valleys a few days previously, and the entire district was brilliant with all the early flowers. Here, in earlier days, I made my first acquaintance with the Nutcracker Crow, the Great Black Woodpecker and with the Black Squirrel, and they were all observed again. The fine Palu and its glacier come vividly back to memory as we gazed on them from Alp Griim, as also the sequence of blue lakes that unfold before you from Muottas Murail. But amid all the other varied beauty spots the Roseg Valley with its stream and woods and wonderful snowy back- ground must ever remain a lovely reminiscence of happy days in Europe’s playground. Nomenclature. The List. By Hy. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Continued from page 84.) In his revision of the Palaearctic “‘ Blues’? Mr. Bethune-Baker placed the following in the genus Polyommatus, Latr.— eros, Ochs., eroides, Friv., venus, Stder., stoliczkana, Eldr., superba, Stdgr., daymara, Gr.-Gr., actinides, Stdgr., candalus, H.-8., icarus, Rott., devanica, Mr., sarta, Alph., amandus, Schv., myrrha, H.-S., hylas, Esp., meleager, Esp., eschert, Hb., amor, Stdgr., and loewti, Zell. (sens. strict.), with dis, Gr.-Gr., idas, Rmbr., psylorita, Frr., chinensis, Murr., kogistana, Gr.-Gr., ewmedon, Esp., hyacinthus, H.-S., phyllides, Stdgr., anteros, Frr., isaurica, Stdgr. (part of the genus Aricia, R.L. of Tutt and others), with thetis, Rott., coridon, Poda, thersites, Cant., aragonensis, Vrty., marcida, Led., gravesi, Chap. (the genus Agriades, Hb., of Tutt, etc.), with damon, Schiff., dolus, Hb., hopfferi, H.-S., phyllis, Christ., admetus, Kisp., mithridates, Stdegr., erschofii, Led., aedon, Christ., glaucias, Led., damone, Ev., iphigenia, H.-S., actis, H.-S., poseidon, Led., dama, Stder. (the genus Hirsutina, Tutt, etc.), with optilete, Knoch., cyparissus, Hb., iris, Stder., rutilans, Stdgr. (the genus Vacciniina, Tutt, etc.), with coelestina, Hiv., persephatta, Alph., semiargus, Rott. (the genus Cyaniris, Dalm., of Tutt and others). See Hnt. Rec. 1914, p. 138, ete. He further states that he is unable to find any stable structural character to differentiate the species placed in Avicia, R.L., Agriades, Hb., Hirsutina, Tutt, Vacciniina, Tutt, and Cyaniris, Dalm. from Polyommatus, Latr. and therefore sinks all five of them. Polyommatus, Latr., astrarche, Brestr. becomes Aricia, R.L. agestis, Schiff. In his British Butterflies Tutt substituted Aricia, R.L. medon, Hutn. which we have used since that time. Aricia, R.L. as used by Tutt has long been accepted, but by the stupid misapplication of the Zoologist’s wretched homonym rule, medon, Hufn. 1766 is displaced. Another species in no way whatever liable to be confused with our species, in fact a Nymphalid, had been named medon by Linnaeus. It is simply disgusting to view the gymnastics which takes place in this way. Having brought the priority name into use for some time, someone butts in and displaces it; a nice scientifie (sic) game. NOMENCLATURE. THE LIST. 938 Such a rule we feel sure, was never intended to be applied in every name repetition, but only where confusion was liable to arise. Polyommatus, Latr. icarus, Rott. remains Polyommatus, Latr. icarus, Rott. Polyommatus, Latr. corydon, Poda, becomes Lysandra, Hem. coridon, Poda. Following Tutt in his Brit. Butt. for some period, Agriades, Hb. was used in this magazine. But some while after Bethune-Baker’s study of the genitalia of this group of Lycaenidae, in the main Polyom- matus has been used. A reference to Poda showed us long ago that y in coridon was an unwarrantable insertion. There appears to be no adequate and scientific reason for a new generic name here, except, perhaps that the number of species included in Polyommatus (senst lato) is inconyeniently large. A large genus is always difficult to grasp and one naturally and unconsciously divides it in one’s mind into groups, by some conven- tional character, e.g., the damon group with the vitta on the underside, the semiargus group with distinctive underside spotting, the very brillant thetis-coridon group, ete. Polyommatus, Latr., bellargus, Rott., becomes Lysandra, Hem., bellargus, Rott. It was subsequently pointed out by Tutt that this species was the thetis, Rott. (1775). Now again comes in that wretched homonym rule for it has recently been found that Drury in 1773 two years previously had used the name thetis. But it is absolutely ignored that the two species were at the time and for long subsequent years adequately separated by the systematic classification of the age. The thetis, Rott. was a “ Papilio Plebeius Ruralis,” while the thetis, Drury was a ‘ Papilio Danaus Candidus.’’ There is only page difference between thetis and bellargus in Rott., the former being No. 11 on page 24 and the latter No. 12 on page 25. These were redescribed and well figured by Esper, Abbdild. I(1). p. 332, 333, plt. XXXII., by which it is apparent that Rott. gave the name thetis to a 9, and the name bellargus to a g of one and the same species. The case is comparable to that of the Satyrid jurtina, L., 9, and janira, L. g. Nomiades, Hb., semiaryus, Rott., becomes Cyaniris, Dalm., semi- argus, Rott. Subsequently in the Hnt. Rec. XVIII. p. 1381 (1906) Tutt dropped Nomiades, Hb. and noted “1816. Cyaniris, Dalman.—Only argianus (=semiargus) cited in the generic synopsis (Vet. Ak. Hand. p. 63) therefore this is the type.” Since the Revision by Mr. Bethune-Baker this magazine has used Polyommatus. Apropos of this use we quote from the Note of the “List.” ‘The extent to which it is desirable to split up the Palaearctic and Nearctic ‘‘ Blues”’ into different yenera is a matter on which opinion may well differ.’ ‘Those who dislike the subdivision of genera, even though that sub-division is based on structural characters, will probably wish to sink the genera Aricta, R.L., Lysandra, Hem., and Cyaniris, Dalm., as synonyms of Polyommatus, Latr.” (To be continued.) 94 KNTOMOLOGISY’S REOORD. 15.1X.1984 WOTKES ON COLLECTING, ete. DickaNURA VINULA IN THE OuTER Hepripes.—Referring to the note on this species in the July-August number (ante p. 85), it may be of interest to put on record that when the late Harry McArthur spent the season of 1901 collecting in the Isle of Lewis he brought me, in the Autumn of that year, four pupae of Dicranura vinula from larvae that he had obtained in the neighbourhood of Stornoway, and that I bred moths from them between 11th and 28rd June, 1902. Stornoway, it may be noted, is not far short of a hundred miles north of Barra and probably near the northern limit of the species.—Roperr ADKIN. AsunpancE oF MetontonrHa vuuearis, F's., ry Wrixpsor Korest.— Last May the common “ Cockchafer’’ occurred in good numbers in the Windsor Forest area. It also appeared earlier in the year than usual. Up to this year I have never seen it in any numbers there; and generally only a few specimens when beating. This year, however, was quite different. Along one road, about a mile and a half long, leading to part of the Forest, these beetles were present, literally in thousands. Many lay dead on the paths, and in the gutter; others were crawling along the road; some in cop.. On one very tall oak tree, clusters of them occurred on every branch, and almost on every leaf (the centre of the cluster being a pair in cop.) as high as the eye could see.—Horace DonistHorPE. Diprion potytomum, Hre., 1n Winpsor Forest.—On 6th May, last, when beating Spruce trees, a specimen of this Sawfly was taken. There have been, I believe, only two other examples found in Britain; one of them was bred by Miss Chawner from a larva taken in the New Forest. It is a well known European species, and has recently been introduced into Canada. There if has become a pest, and is doing vast damage to the spruce forests. The Canadian Government has voted a large sum of money to be devoted to getting rid of the sawfly. They are employing an entomologist to study it on the Continent. Parasites of the sawfly larvae are collected, and sent to Farnham Royal to be tested, and reared in some numbers, and are then sent out to Canada. Fortunately it is extemely rare in this country at present.— Horack DonisTHoRPE. Furraer Nores From Torquay.- Referring to my remarks on Cerigo matura, on p. 58. I have to-day 12th June turned out the tin which has been kept in a damp cellar since last autumn when the larvae appeared to be full fed, but without supplementary damping of the earth covering the living larvae. I found about 20 larvae mostly shrivelled up; two or three when dipped in water just showed slight signs of life. There were no pupae. In the autumn I took out about a dozen larvae nearly full fed and placed them in an earthenware vessel half filled with earth and covered with perforated zine in the garden. This batch has remained there ever since. I! ceased feeding them in November, and on turning out the earth to-day found 9 healthy pupae. They had the appearance of being newly formed, being somewhat soft, though brown. In view of the remarks of CURRENT NOTES. 95 Guenée quoted by Barrett, where he says the larvae are tender and few reach the perfect state, I thought it worth mentioning.—(Capt.) C. Q. Parsons, ‘‘ Alma Marseau,’’ Seaway Lane, Torquay. Sours Devon Norrs.—On the night of 12th May after a thunder- storm the following species came to light :—Notodonta trepida, 1; Drymonia chaonia, 1; Demas coryli, 9; Lithosia sororeula, 2; and Cabera pusaria, 1. There were no commoner species. On 9th May I noted Leptosia sinapis and Polyyonia c-albwn.—lIp. Irtsh Nores.—On arrival at Milford, Co. Donegal, on the 9th June, I wrote to Mr. Thos. Greer asking about localities and dates of Melitaea aurinia, and on Monday morning, the 11th, got a wire from him giving the nearest place he knew and saying that the butterfly was now flying. So I went out to look at a field I had noted close to Milford, and immediately found it there. Greer says that as far as he knows it is a new locality. On the 16th I drove over to Co. Tyrone and spent a couple of very pleasant days with Greer. He took me to a Coenonympha tiphon locality 8.W. of Loch Neagh, where we spent some happy hours catching the butterfly and discussing the local flora and fauna of the deep bog lands we were on. The whole country there is being drained and the peat cut, so that I fear O. tiphon is doomed there. He showed me a patch of cranberry where the ground was pink with the flowers. I should not have expected it at such a low level, only sixty feet above the sea. We sat down there and presently found some of last year’s fruit, still quite eatable. This also was a surprise; I should have expected so delicate a fruit to have rotted long since. I have not done much entomologizing since, my time being employed in fruitless fishing and sketching. However, on the 5th July I drove up into the hills towards Gweedore to look for (. tiphon, which | found at the first spot I thought likely, and failed to find in another place which [ thought looked much more hkely. On 8th July I went to some sandhills on the Fanad peninsula to look for the blue females of Polyommatus icarus. I caught four black ones, about as much blue as Dorset chalk summer brood, and ten males five of which had black marginal spots on the upperside hindwings. On 9th July I went to Rosapenna, where | found the blue females, and six out of 17 males had the black spots above mentioned; one also on the forewings—and one a few orange scales at the anal angle, upperside.—WynpHam Fores (F.R.H.S.). 16th July, 1934. GYURRENT NOTES AND SHORT NOTICKS. The annual volume of the London Natural History Society has recently appeared. It consists of 142 pp. with 10 plates, of which 20 pp. and L plt (including valuable notes on plant galls) are devoted to Entomology; somewhat more than usual. The members of this flourishing Society are largely devoted to the study of Birds, Botany and Archaeology. The Society is divided into sections, each with its own sectional officers, which adds to its efficiency. There is a very useful paper on the Glow-worm by R. W. Pethen, a year’s records 96 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.1X.1934 of British Butterflies and numerous valuable notes on the occurrence of plant galls with remarks on the economy of their makers. In the Dragonfly note Aeschna should be spelt Aeshna. (See Fabricius Gen. Insectorum, p. 147.) The Southampton and Hampshire entomologists, under their new title ‘‘ The Society for British Hntomologists ” are gradually attracting members all over the country by their unbounded activities. The Society has recently issued No. 1 of Vol. I of a new issue of their Journal, a List of Members and a new set of bye-laws, together with their balance-sheet and a very valuable Part I of Vol. I of a new issue of Transactions. Let us hope that titular finality has at last been reached. The Balance-sheet is simple and most encouraging; the running expenses are at their lowest with annual commitments practically nil; the balance carried forward on a gross total of £246 being £154, a proportion which, if kept up, will enable the Society to develop its object the ““Improvement and Diffusion of Entomological Science as exemplified in the study of British Entomology.” A meeting of the Entomological Club was held at Hastbourne on 16th June, 1984, Mr. Robert Adkin in the Chair. Members present in addition to the Chairman :—Prof. EH. B. Poulton, Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, Mr. Jas. E. Collin, Dr. Harry Eltringham, Mr. W. J. Kaye. Visitors present:—Mr. B. W. Adkin, Mr. H. W. Andrews, Dr. R. Amstrong, Major E. Ii. Austen, Mr. KE. C. Bedwell, Dr. K. G. Blair, Mr. G. V. Bull, Dr. Malcolm Burr, Dr. EH. A. Cockayne, Prof. D. G. Hale Carpenter, Capt. Dannreuther, Mr. H. M. Edelsten, Mr. T. R. Eagles, Mr. I. W. Frohawk, Mr. J. C. F. fryer, Mr. C. N. Hawkins, Col. F. A. Labouchere, Mr. Hugh Main, Mr. A. Li. Rayward, Mr. Edwin D. Sharp, Mr. E. EK. Syms, Mr. J. R. Le B. Tomlin, Mr. C. G. M. de Worms, Rev. Geo. Wheeler. ‘The members and guests assembled at the Grand Hotel and were received by the Chairman at 12.45 for 1 o’clock luncheon which was served in a private room. In the afternoon the usual excursions were made to the Crumbles and to the Downs. ‘The weather was very fine and hot and the vegetation was badly parched by the continuous drought. The Entomological Supper was held at the Grand Hotel at 6.0 in the private room and 381 sat down. After supper Mr. Jas. Collin exhibited a rare Empid, Rhamphomyia vesiculosa, Fln., which was taken by him as new to Britain in 1912 and has never been taken since. The species is notable on account of the remarkable genitalia of the g. The species is generally found under cold conditions in the Arctic regions. The present specimens were taken at Aviemore and the Bridge of Brown. A most entertaining and very pleasant evening was spent after which many of the company took trains for London and elsewhere and the remainder of the guests who were able to accept the Chaiman’s invitation to stay over the weekend, were provided with accommodation at the Grand Hotel. On Sunday, 17th June, cars left the Hotel immediately after breakfast for a collecting trip at White- field Wood in gorgeous weather. Insects generally were not plentiful but a considerable number of species of butterflies including larvae of Limenitis camilla (sibilla) were seen, and the Coleopterists captured a large number of beetles including Pyrochroa coccinea, L., and other interesting species. Mr. Rayward also presented the writer with a beautiful @ specimen of Macrocephalus albinus, L., which has for CURRENT NOTES. Ser many years been a denizen of these woods. It was taken on birch on the 5th September, 1983. The return journey to the Grand Hotel was. made at 1 o’clock where luncheon was served and during the afternoon a visit was paid to the Chairman’s house, ‘“‘ Hodeslea,’ Meads, when Mrs. Adkin dispensed tea. The gardens were much enjoyed, the shady places offering ideal repose for pleasant converse. The Chairman gave a dinner party at the Grand Hotel in the evening and the company dispersed on Monday morning after a most successful and enjoyable weekend.—H. Wittovensy Huis. In the more recent numbers of the Hint. Zeit. is an interesting paper on the Biology of Phragmatobia fuliginosa, the writer having obtained three generations in one year. The lst generation in size and shape was normal and measured g 29mm. 2 33mm.; the 2nd gen. was considerably larger, 34-37mm., no doubt due to the larvae having fed on luscious spring vegetation; the 8rd brood was partly normal in size and partly small 27-80. Another good article is one dealing with the Rhopalocera of Central Tunis, the area lying between the wooded north-western portion, and the Steppe zone south of the Atlas Mountains, and numerous new local forms are differentiated. Another important article to British collectors is that by Herr Warnecke on Cymatophora or, with 19 figures of various forms of the species. We note that Prof. Dr. Arnold Spuler died during June. He will be remembered as responsible for that most useful work Schmetterlinye Huropas, in 4 volumes with a large number of plates on which the vast majority of the Macrolepidoptera of Europe are figured in both imaginal and larval stages and including a good proportion of the Mieros as well. In the more recent numbers of the Wnt. Rund. Prof. M. Draudt is. dealing in detail with the genus Dianthoecia, with figures of the genitalia of each species. A useful paper for our continental collectors. is that on the Macrolepidoptera of the Riesengebirge mountains. Another long article is continued on the Increase of Insects, dealing with various species and with the various factors which effect the increase or otherwise of the Lepidoptera. The current number of the Spanish entomological journal Fos is. particularly interesting to those lepidopterists who intend to visit N. Africa in the coming years. Prof. Dr. Darck and Herr Hans Reisser have commenced a very informative article on the Lepidopterous Fauna of the Rif Mountains of Spanish Morocco, consisting of a general account of the character of the country for observation and collecting with 3 plates of photos of localities; a few general remarks on the Fauna itself with a good annotated Bibliography come next, and this is succeeded by a section dealing with each indigenous species to which there are added six plates of figures of particular forms, and of their genital structure. Another article deals with the Spanish species. representative of the athalia group of the genus Melitaea comprising the four recognised species, viz., M. detone with its subsidiary forms nevadensis, hispanica, stynata, aranensis and royot (ab. nov.); Al. athalia; M. parthenie with forms codinoi and vernettensis. It is illustrated with 2 plates and a very complete bibliography. A further article deals. with the Collembola of the Republic Argentina, with 5 plates and 98 ENTOMOLOGIS‘’’S RECORD. 15.1X.1933 figures illustrating about 90 species. In fact the whole part is a very valuable contribution to entomological science. To those entomologists interested in the Melitaea species we would refer a very detailed and well illustrated article in the valuable publication produced by the Deutsches Entomologischen Institut, entitled ‘‘ New Observations on the didyma group of the genus Melitaea from the material in the Deut. Ent. Ins.,” by Herr G. Belter. It is illustrated by a number of figures of imagines and of structure, bringing our knowledge up to date, and describes a new species and three new subspecies. The immense amount of original entomological matter on all orders of insects collected in the publications of this Institut under the able initiative and continued assiduity of its Director Dr. Walther Horn and his helpers is quite phenomenal. We have received an account of the “ Material of the Micro- lepidoptera group collected in the Kwangtung Province of China by Dr. Mell from 1908 till 1921,” by A. Caradja and EK. Meyrick. Over 4000 example are dealt with and a very valuable record has been made of new material for our study of the ‘smaller fry ” of a little known area of the world. ‘I'he authors are to be congratulated for their pioneer work in this thorough investigation. We have received a reprint of an article by F. M. Jones and D. W. Farquhar on the Psychid Fumea casta as observed in N. America, near Boston in Massachusetts, where it has been introduced and apparently become well established, since it has been procured from there in large numbers for experimental purposes. ‘There are two plates and a map to illustrate the biological notes. W.S. Blatchley, who is well-known for his works on the Coleoptera and Rhynchota of parts of N. America, has sent us further notes on the species of Heteroptera taken in the winter near Los Angeles, California, between 25.vii. and 15.iii., 1927-8. It is intended as a supplement to Van Duzee’s ‘‘ Preliminary List.” In the Zeit. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. recent numbers contain contributions by Dr. H. Rebel on “‘ New Lepidoptera from Macedonia’’; by Dr. H. Zerny, “A new Zygaenid from the Atlas Mts.”; by L. Sheljuzko, ‘‘ New Lepidoptera from the North Caucasus”’; by Dr. Zerny, “‘ New Heterocera from the Atlas Mts. in Morocco.”’ Several plates are given in illustration making 8 in all for the first six months of this year. We have received a Catalogue of second-hand Kntomological works, issued recently by Messrs. Wheldon and Wesley of New Oxford Street which lists many works of interest and useful to present day entomologists, mostly at moderate prices. Some three years ago we mentioned in these pages the admirable small volumes on the Butterflies and Moths of Hastbourne written by that great friend of all entomologists Mr. Robert Adkin. Now there has appeared the 1st Supplement of about 16 pp. of Additions and Corrections (few) largely due to the continued systematic working of a light trap by the indefatigable author and supplemented by records of recent captures by Mr, A. L. Rayward. Two meetings of the Entomological Club were held at Oxford on 30th June and 1st July, 19384, Prof: EH. B. Poulton and Dr. Harry REVIEWS 99 filtringham respectively in the Chair. Members present:—Mr. Robert Adkin, Mr. Horace Donisthorpe, Prof. E. B. Poulton, Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis, Mr. Jas. K. Collin, Dr. Harry Eltringham. Visitors present :—Dr. Malcolm Burr, Dr. G. D. Hale Carpenter, Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. EK. B. Ford, Dr. B. M. Hobby, Mr. E. Bolton King, Capt. N. D. Riley, Mr. G. Talbot, Mr. W. H. T. Tams, Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, Comm. Jas. J. Walker, Dr. C. A. Wiggins. On the afternoon of 80th June, the members and guests assembled at the Hope Department and were received by Prof. and Mrs. Poulton and Dr. Harry Eltringham; tea and light refreshments were provided and a very pleasant and instructive afternoon was spent at the Museum. This pleasant annual conversazione which is always looked forward to with much pleasure was as usual most successful. Accommodation was provided for members and visitors in Jesus College. In the evening the company assembled at Jesus College where the first Club Supper was arranged for 8 o'clock, Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S. in the Chair. The reunion of old friends was as usual much enjoyed and a lengthy evening of entertaining conversation was spent, retirement being made at a late hour. On Sunday morning the guests visited friends in Oxford or made up collecting parties on their own account and returned to Jesus College at 1 o’clock for luncheon. In the afternoon an excursion was arranged in glorious weather in motor cars to Bagley Wood, and during the afternoon the company, which now included many ladies, roamed through the woods and returned to the Forest Room at 4 o'clock for tea, after which in the cooler evening the party drove back to Oxford. In the evening the second Club Supper was served at Jesus College at 8 o'clock, Dr. Harry Eltringham in the Chair. Again the members and guests were entertained in the usual Oxford manner, and the pleasure of such gatherings will be a life-time remembrance. On Monday morning, for many, the Hope Department was again the objective, and the company generally dispersed during the day.— H.W.-E. FRWEVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. Proceepincgs anpD Transactions oF THE SoutH Lonpon Entomo- LocicaL aANb Naturat History Soctwry, 1933-34. Pp. xx+148, 8 tabs; price 12/6.—These Proceedings record meetings from 9th February, 1933 to 25th January, 1934 together with the Field Meetings during the summer of 1933 and include the President’s Address and several papers read before the Society. The Reports of the General and Field Meetings contain numerous interesting records of Insects, mostly of Lepidoptera, amongst which we may refer to the remarks on Aphouria gularts, on the species of Yponomeuta, and on a second brood of Hnarmonia pomonella. The papers read deal with the British Mecoptera (EK. E. Syms), Beetle Larvae (K. G. Blair), Gall Midges (M. Niblett), Prothoracic Glands of Drepanid and Notodontid Larvae (K. G. Blair), a Season in Arctic Russia (HK. A. Cockayne), and the Lifehistory of the Death-Watch Beetle (D. E. Kimmins), so it is evident that, as the President put it in his Annual Address, the Society had the good fortune to listen to some exceptionally interesting papers on a variety of subjects. From the same source we learn that the 100 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 15.1X.19384 state of affairs of the Society, both as regards numbers and its financial position, has continued to be very satisfactory and that it is particularly gratifying to note that the membership is being annually swelled by an increasing contingent of the younger generation, who are taking a very live interest in all the proceedings. This is good news. Field Meetings and rather informal General Meetings, at which the younger collectors especially are welcome and meet those with more experience, should have a real educative value in training up the coming generation of British Entomologists. It is needless to say that, as usual, these Proceedings are well produced and printed and provided with an excellent Index and it would be ungracious to draw attention to a few minor misprints.—T. Bainsriccr FLETCHER. @® BITUARY. William Frederick Johnson. (1852-1934). (Special Life Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society). By the death of the Rev. W. F. Johnson, at Rostrevor, on 28th March last, the study of natural history in Ireland has lost one of its foremost followers. Born at Travancore, India, on 20th April, 1852, where his father was in the service of the Church Missionary Society, his education was mainly private—hence perhaps his love of natural history was not curbed. Johnson appears to have taken up entomology early in life and in the British Naturalist for April, 1898, we are told that he collected Lepidoptera as early as 1862, while in 1884 his atten- tion was turned towards other groups of insects, especially Coleoptera. and Hemiptera, though he retained his interest in Lepidoptera till the end. Amongst Johnson’s chief papers dealing with Coleoptera must be mentioned that published in the first volume of the Irish Naturalist, 1892, entitled ‘‘ The Coleoptera of the Armagh District,” in which are recorded many species not previously found in Ireland, including such rarities as the Jarge water-beetle Dytiscus ctreumcinctus, Pselaphus dresdensis and Hrirrhinus aethiops. In the survey of Clare Island and district, organised by the Royal Irish Academy, 1909-1911, Johnson took a leading part and besides collecting all orders of insects for other recorders, contributed the part which dealt with the Myriapods, a new line of research which he had taken up at the request of the organising committee of the survey. When it comes to be considered that Johnson worked practically alone, and far from any reference library or named collections, his work amonest the Irish insects will always stand out as a remarkable achieve- ment; nor was his study confined to insects, nor even to zoology, for there are few groups in which he has not left some records bearing his. name. He may be described as an old time naturalist, interested in all branches of natural history, but one with all the specialist’s ability to take up and to study intensively the groups in which he became most interested. Correction.—p. 88 “ Chetien”’ should be ‘“ Chretien ”’ in the second paragraph from the bottom of the page. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents nor to send ws communications IpHNTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. Reprints of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost if ordered at the time of sending in MS. Articles that require InLusrRaTions are inserted on condition that the AurHoR defrays the cost of the illustrations. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. ‘I'hey should be sent to Mr. Hy. J. Turner, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ West Drive, Cheam. Duplicates.—S. Andrenaeformis, Bred 1928, well set on black pins, with data. Desideratu.—Very numerous British Macro Lepidoptera.—J. W. Woolhouse, Hill House, Frances Street, Chesham, Bucks. Desiderata.— Species of Dolerine and Nematine sawflies not in my collection ; list sent.—R. C. L. Perkins, 4, Thurlestone Road, Newton Abbot. Duplicates.— Albimacula*, sparganii*. : Desiderata.— Ova of D.oo. pupae of X. gilvago, D.caesia. A.J. Wightman, ‘* Aurago,”’ Bromfields, Pulborough, Sussex. ExcHaners.—Living Eggs of Catocala fraxini and sponsa, exchange for butterflies of British Isles.—C. Zacher’ Erfurt, Weimar, Street 13, Germany. Duplicates.—Pyralina*, Salicis, Ianthina*, Orbicularia*, Repandata in variety, Doubledayaria, Black rhomboidaria*, Black virgularia* and others. Desiderata.—Hyale, Welsh aurinia, Polychloros, Tiphon Agathina, Lunigera, ’ Lucernea, Neglecta, Ditfinis, Populeti, Gothica v. gothicina, White Leporina, Tridens Putrescens. Littoralis, Typhae v. fraterna, Rurea v. Combusta, Gilvago, Fulvago v. flavescens, Liturata v. nigrofulvata. Harold B. Williams, Woodcote, 36, Manorgate Road, Kingston Surrey. : Duplicates.—A large number of species of Kuropean and Palaearctic Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Desiderata.—All\ British species especially those illustrating characteristics of an island fauna. Dr. Lor. Kolb, Miinchen 54, Dachauer-str. 409, Germany, and Franz Daniel, Miinchen, Bayer-str. 77, Germany. Desiderata.—Liying larvae or pupae of Lasiocampa quercis. Also set specimens of same species taken before 1910 in Devon or Cornwall. Duplicates.—Pavonia, set specimens or living stock: Monacha, ova: ochroleuca, griseola, advenaria, juniperata, thetis, etc.—J. A. Downes, 5, Trinity Road, Wimbledon. Iam seeking an opportunity of exchanging Macro- and Micro-Lepidoptera with English collectors and beg to send list of duplicates.—J. Sojfner, Trautenau (Bezirksbehorde), Bohemia, Tschechoslowakische Republik. Duplicates. —Well set British Lepidoptera all in perfect condition about 200 species. Desiderata.—Living larvae : please send list of species obtainable.—dA. Lester, 2, Pembury Road, London, N.17. Cuancr or Appress.—K. J. Hayward, F.R.E.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. to Estacion Ex- perimenial del Ministerie de Agricultura de la Nacion, Concordia, F.C.H.R., Argentine Republic, South America. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London.—41], Queen’s Gate, South Kensington, 8.W.7. 8 p.m. October 3rd. The South London Entomological and Natural History Society, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Second and Fourth Thursdays in the month, at 7 p.m. July 12th, 26th, August 9th.—Hon. Secretary, S. N. A. Jacobs, ‘' Ditchling,’’ Hayes Lane, Bromley, Kent. The London Natural History Society.—Meetings first four Tuesdays in the month at 6.30 p.m. at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street, W.C.1. Visitors admitted by ticket which may be obtained through Members, or from the Hon. Sec. A. B. Hornblower, 91, Queen’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. URUGUAY. I want to sell Lepidop- tera, Coleoptera, and other insects from this country and am seeking connections with collectors. HH. ScHnrrmpER, Correo Libertad, depto. San José, BuscHEenTatL, Rep. Uruguay. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND ETHNOLOGY Published every Two Months Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.J.A., M.B.O.U., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 6/- post free. Single Parts 1/8. All communications to be addressed to :— VV M. CRAVV FORD, (BA. iE -R.E.S. GZ Seatlonssecy. ORISSA, MARLBOROUGH PARK SOUTH, BELFAST. Communications have been received from or have been promised by Wm. Fassnidge, Dr. Verity, Capt. K. J. Hayward, Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, H. Willoughby-Ellis, Hy. J. Turner, A. H. Martineau, W. H. Edwards, H. Donisthorpe, O. Querci, H. B. D. Kettlewell, D. G. Sevastopulo, A. J. Wightman, Rev. G. Wheeler, Rev. E. B. Ashby, T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Dr. G. S. Robertson, Capt. P. Q. Parsons, P. Brodie, and Reports of Societies. All communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, ‘“‘ Latemar,’ 25, West Drive, Cheam. IMPORTANT TO ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES and MUSEUMS. BACK VOLUMES OF The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. (Vols. I-XXXVI.) GONTENTS OF Voli. I. (Most important only mentioned.) Gunus dAcronycta and its allies.—Variation of Smerinthus tiliae, 3 coloured plates— Differentiation of Melitaea athalia, parthenie, and awrelia—The Doubleday collection— Parthenogenesis— Pauper on Taentocampidae—Phylloxera—Practical Hints (many)— Parallel Variation in Coleoptera—Origin of Argynnis paphia var. valesina—Work for the Winter—Temperature and Variation—Synonymic notes—Retrospect of a T.epidopterist for 1890 —hifehistories of Agrotis pyrophila, Epunda lichenea, Heliophobus hispidus— Captures at light—Aberdeenshire notes, etc., etc., 360 pp. GONTENTS OF VOL. II. Menanism AND Mrrnanocaroism—Bibliography—Notes on Collecting—Articles on VaniaTion (many)—How to breed dgrotis lunigera, Sesia sphegiformis, Taentocampa opima —Collecting on the Norfolk Broads—Wing development—Hybridising Amphidasys prodromaria and dA. betwlaria—Melanism and Temperature—Differentiation of Dian- thecias—Disuse of wings—Fauna of Dulwich, Sidmouth, S. London—Generice nomen- clature and the Acronyctidae—A fortnight at Rannoch—Heredity in Lepidoptera—Notes on Genus Zyamna (Anthrocera)—Hybrids—Hymenoptera—Litfehistory of Gonophora derasa, etc., efc., 312 pp. To be obtained from— Mr. H. E. PAGE, 9, Yanbrugh Hill, Blackheath, London, S.E. 3. fo whom Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable Archer & Co., Printers, 85, Avondale Square, London, S.E.1. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1934 yb ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD. | AND Soe JOURNAL OF VARIATION Epirep R. S. Ba@naun, D.Sc., F.B.E.S. H. Donisruore®, F.Z-8., F.R.U.8. ith the Matcotm Bore, D.SC., F-R.E.S. T. BaInpRicGrE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., ¥ : Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, ¥F.R.0.S. ¥.Z.S., F.R.E.S. ee Ibsistance of HK. A. Cockaynr, A.M., D.M., F.R.E.S., H. Ei. Paas, F.R.£.8. ~ F.R.C.P. ALFRED SICH, F.R.1.S. | J. HK. Conuin, J5.P., F.R.E.8. Rev. G. WHEuLER, M.A., F.R.E.8., F.Z.8. Editor Emeritus.—G. T. BurHunr-BakERr, F¥.Z.S., F.R.E.S. By Henry J. TURNER, F.2.u.8., ¥.R.H.S., Hditorial Secretary. CONTENTS. Lepidoptera at Jaca, eee in ee 1931 and 1933, Wm. EOS: M.A., F.R.E.S. 101 The ‘Cottian Alps and Turin in ae Jay, "1933, Tee Els Be _ aby, FRE S., FiZS. os ae je 105 _ Geometers at Storrington, W. Sussex, G. S. Robertson, M.D, ae 56 107 Nomenclature, The List, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. 5H ire 107 Psylla ptarmica, Kieff., as British, R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.S.E. an 109 Nortes on Contectine.—A Few Orthoptera from Stroud, @. Burr, D.Sc., F.R.E.S.; P. viridissima in Northumberland, Id. ; Immigrant Species, P. Brodie, B.A.; P. c-album in Sutton, Zd.; An Entomological Exhibition at Rouen, J. C. Hawker ve Fs a a ae 110 Current Norrs .. 4 a 111 SUPPLEMENTS.— British Woctine “Hy. I. Tur ner, F. Ra E.S., . R. HL: S. (341)-(344) Butterflies of the Upper Rhone Valley, Roger Verity, M.D. (29)-(32) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free TEN SHILLINGS. to The Hon, Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, S.H.9. This number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). Watkins & Doncaster (ESTABLISHED 1879) CAN SUPPLY EVERYTHING NEEDED by the Collector, at keenest Prices Large stocks always maintained for quick service. Full Catalogue post free per return Agents for Dr. Seitz ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of the World.’’ 36, Strand, London, W.C.2., England P.O. Box. No. 126 THLEPHONE—TEMPLE BAR 9451 1) tg ENTOMOLOGICAL GABINET hs J ° (| J | H | iD & SON, MANUFACTURERS, Have for disposal Re=-conditioned Second-hand Mahogany Insect Cabinets; also Gheap Storage Gabinets for imsects. Specifications and Prices sent post free on application. CABINET WORKS, YEWFIELD ROAD, N.W.10. ’Phone: WituEspEeNn 0309. A quarterly journal of Natural History, etc., chiefly for the Northern Counties EDITED BY The Rev. J. E. HULL, Belford Vicarage, Northumberland. assisted by R. S. Bagnall, D.Sc., F.R.E.S., A. W. Bartlett, M.A., M.Sc., Miss K. B. Blackburn, D.Sc., George Bolam, William Carter, F. C. Garrett, D.Sc., B. Millard Griffiths, D.Sc., F.L.S., J. WW. H.Harrison, D.Sc., F.R.S., A. Raistrick, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., J. A. Smythe, D.Sc., Geo. WV. Temperley. The Vasculum is now in its nineteenth volume, the annual subscription is five shillings and should be sent to WILLIAM GARTER, 13, Kimberley Gardens, Newcastile-on-Tyne. The Wayside and Woodland Series. MOTHS OF THE BRITISH ISLES By RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S.. late Editor of the * Entomologist.’ Cloth, gilt. In two volumes, containing altogether 1471 accurate y coloured examples, figuring every species and many varieties, also drawings of eggs caterpillars, chrysa- lides, and food-plants. Price 10/6 net per volume: FREDERICK WARNE & GO. LTD. 1-4, Bedford Gourt, London, W.GC.2. “ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD” Publications. List of British Geometers: with named varieties andsynonyms. By Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S. .. Price, one copy, ls. Od. ; two, Is. 6d. Notes on Egyptian Lepidoptera. By Kuynery J. Haywarp, F.R.E.§. 1s. 3d. Hiibner’s Tentamen and Verzeichniss. Collated by the late J. H. Durrant, F.R.E.S. (a few copies only) ae sa Beh Ole British Dipterological Literature. An annotated list. By H. W. Anprews, F.R.E.S. 6d. Back Volumes, Nos. 37-45 of Ent. Record, new series; including ‘Special Index . ge O6 Price, per vol. 12s. 6d.. To be bene post free e om. H. W. eee 6, Footscray Road, Eltham, 8.H.%. LEPIDOPTERA AT JACA, ALTO ARAGON, SPAIN. 101 Lepidoptera at Jaca, Alto Aragon, Spain, in August, 1931 and 1933. By Wm. FASSNIDGE, M.A., F.R.E.S. Jaca is a small town of some five thousand inhabitants, situated in the foothills on the southern side of the Pyrenees, on the railway from Pau via Canfrane to Zaragoza. The compact lttle town with its ancient citadel occupies a plateau overlooking the river Aragon, and commands a glorious view of the Pyrenees to the north, where the Collarado towers up into the sky, and of the isolated Pena de Oruel to the south-east, while in every direction are mountains of greater or less height. The district offers a striking contrast to the northern slopes of the Pyrenees, where water flows abundantly and all the fields are fresh and green. Here in August rain is scarce, the river is reduced to a mere trickle, and the fields are dry and brown, save where irrigation makes them unnaturally green against their arid surround- ings. The Spanish slopes seem to the traveller, as he emerges from the Somport tunnel and begins the long descent to the plains, lke a barren stony desert, cut up by torrent beds, quivering ina haze of dusty heat. Small wonder that the insect fauna is very different from that of the northern slopes where climatic conditions are in such violent contrast. So far as I can ascertain, nothing whatever has been published on the lepidoptera of this part of Aragén. Dr. H. Zerny of Vienna published in Hos in 1927 ‘* Die Lepidopteren-fauna von Albarracin in Aragonien,’ in which he includes all the published researches of his predecessors and gives a Bibliography up to that date of the literature concerning the lepidoptera of that part of Aragén. Alfred Weiss had published in 1920 his ‘‘ Contribucié al coneixement de la fauna lepi- dopterologica d’Arago,”’ in which he gives records for Panticosa, La Val d’Ordesa, and Zaragoza, all of which localities are at a greater or less distance from Jaca, although Panticosa and the valley in which it lies should produce much the same species as Jaca and the valley of the Aragon. ‘There is an interesting article by Dr. A. Seitz, ‘ Insekten- leben in den Pyrenien ” (Hntomologische Rundschau, XL., 1928), which deals chiefly with the insect fauna of the Val d’Ordesa to the north of Barbastro; and Ilitschelt, ‘‘ Sammelergebniss in den spanischen Zentralpyrenien” (Int. Hnt, Zeitschrift, Vols. XXVI. and XXVIL., 1938), gives a long list of Lepidoptera observed by him in the province of Huesca on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees from Puerto de Bujaruelo in the west to Puerto de Benasque in the east, though he seems not to have noted the ‘“‘micros.’’ Nothing further appears to have been published dealing with the north of Aragon, and the con- siderable number of species noted by Dr. Zerny as being new either for Aragon or for the [berian peninsula shows how little is yet known of the lepidopterous fauna of this region. Of course it is not to be expected that one searcher can explore a whole vast region, nor can he hope to do more in one short month than just scratch the surface. But even the scanty results obtained may be useful when the whole problem of distribution comes to be considered, and that is the excuse for this article. My first visit to Jaca lasted from 30.vii.81 to 8.1x.81, and was unfortunately rather marred from an entomological point of view by 102 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 15.X.1984 the poorness of the season and by the fact that I spent the whole of the mornings in the study of Spanish at the Summer Course organised by the University of Zaragoza. Moreover there is no summer time in Spain and dinner is never earlier than 9 p.m., so that the nightwork was seriously hampered by the necessity of returning to dine about one hour after dark. The heat too in August, even at Jaca, can be very oppressive, and it is by no means easy to walk far by day unless one waits until about four o’elock by which time the sun is less fierce. Fortunately the butterflies continue active until the sun has actually disappeared, and some species are quite willing to fly until it is practi- cally dark. It is almost impossible to stir up many moths until quite late in the day, and there is usually a coolness round about 11 p.m. which discourages them from coming to the lamp. Sugar seems to be practically useless, as indeed it nearly always is in August among the mountains. My second visit lasted from 30.vii.83 to 5.ix.83, and was devoted more to entomology and less to linguistic study, though the polite curiosity of the Jacetanos—and more especially of the Jacetanas, many of whom remembered my previous visit, provided me with ample conversation practice. The season was rather later and infinitely better, so that I was able to gather up sufficient data for a respectable article, and also to settle a few points that had been left unsolved on my first trip to Spain. I had the advantage too of knowing the district, and therefore needed to waste no time in searching for the best localities. Nobody who has not experienced the incredibly stony muletracks that lead up to the slopes of Oruel, or the barren hillsides to the south and west of Jaca, where only a particularly spiteful gorse (Genista scorpius, well named) survives the persistent attacks of sheep and goats, can have any adequate idea of the fatigue involved in hunting in this region, so different from anything to be found in England. ‘Trees grow only where planted and not always there; huge areas of hilltop are covered almost by another pincushion-like gorse (Genista horridus, again well named): every other shrub almost seems to have developed prickles ; the sun is relentless and the roads thick with dust; and there is never a friendly café by the roadside nor even a cooling spring. Yet butterflies abound all over the hillsides and the most unlikely localities produce interesting species. Indeed, I never remember to have seen such large numbers of individuals as there were, for example, on the sloping ridge of Oruel in early August, where Satyrus actaea, Kisp., and several other species were in real abundance with numerous others quite common. And on Ist August, just below the col above the cement works on the Canfranc road there were such vast numbers of Hpinephele jurtina, L., H. lycaon, Rott., Satyrus alcyone, Schiff., S. statilinus, Hufn., Melanaryia japygia, Cyr., M. galathea, L., and of the Neuropteron Ascalaphus longicornis, that the whole hillside seemed in quivering, shimmering motion. It is a real pleasure to see such swarms of insects wherever the Spanish Govern- ment is trying to replant the mountain sides and protecting the seed- lings from the all destroying herds of sheep and goats. I hope I may be forgiven if here I record a strange observation quite foreign to entomology. On Wednesday, 5th August, 1931, 1 was walking along the canal that brings from the mountains water both for drinking purposes—after chlorination—and for irrigation. This LEPIDOPTERA AT JACA, ALTO ARAGON, SPAIN. 108 canal is about five feet wide and averages two feet deep ; it winds along the mountain side above the Canfranc road and above the railway, and is mostly open to the sky, though covered over in places especially where carried over the aqueducts that bridge the numerous gullies. It is an excellent hunting ground, for all the insects on the mountain side seem to congregate on its banks for shelter or moisture. One may see there large numbers of Coenonympha dorus, Esp., at flowers of Eryngium,