BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY j A Ql
lllillllllllililliliillll '^^ 3 9999 06542 018 2
OFFICE OF NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
DIVISION OF REVIEW
WORK MATERIALS
No. 28
TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY AND JAPAN
By
Ivan V. Emelianoff
, J 1 3 ' 'j J
> J > > >
Special Studies Section February, 1936
• • ••
• • • .' •••••• ,,
V • •.•*•.. .: • ••♦.'.; r
; .*
OFFICE OF NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION
DIVISION OF REVIEW
TEXTII:E INDUSTRY IN THE Ul'IITED KINGDOM, FRAl^CE, GERI'm^Y, ITALY AND JAPAN
by
Ivan V. Ernelifmoff
Special Studies Section FelDruary, 1936
9643
m
TEXTILE INDUSTRY IH THE UNITED KIITGDOM, FRANCE, GEmiANY, • " • •" ITALY AND JAPAN
■ ■ ' Table of Contents
Pages Textile Industry in the United F.ingdom 1-30
A. Textile Industry in the Manufactriring System of the Country 1- 2
1. Re'lative importance of Textile Industry 1
2. Cotton and Wool branches most important 1
3. Dependence upon Imported Ra\"f Materials 2
4. Textile Goods in. British- Imports' and Exports .. . 2
5. Mo^t part of Sritish Cotton Goods Produced for Export 2
6. Principal countries importing the British Textile Exports 2
B. Organization of British Textile Industry 3-4
1. Sectionalism of Industry and lack of Integration 3
2 . Ho'or s of Work. . , , , 3
3. Multiple ■ Shift System 3
4. Cartelization of Textile Industry 3
5. Price Movenicnts - 4
C. Government and Or;;^a:':ized Industry !"'easures
Relating to the Textile Industry 4- 6
1. Protective Policy 4
2 . Preferential Tariffs 5
3, Rayon Industry a:.d Internatioiial Cartel 5
4, Restoration of Gold Standard in England 5
5. Measures intended to control Domestic Ma,rket... 6
6, Planned ScraT;ping of Cotton SpindleS-ge in England 6
'■CJ''
Ai::pendices : 7-30
Appendix l. Raw Cotton Retained in the
United Kingdom 7
Appendix 2.' Value of Imports 9f Textile Goods
of Tne United Kingdom 8
" 3, Percent of Value of Textile Goods Im- ported 'oy the United Kingdom 9
" 4." I'uinber of Employees in Textile Indus- tries of the United Kingdom 10
" 5. Percent of Unemployed Insured Workers in Principal Textile Inaustries of
The United Kingdom; 11
9643 i
13 l«j/3M
Pages Appendices (Continued)
Appendix 6. IT-umlDer of Cotton Spindles, Classified
"by Principal Coiintries 12
" 7. liiimber of Cotton Looms, Classified by- Principal Co-untries 13
" 8, Estimated Number of Insiired Employees in Principal Textile Industries of the United Kingdom, 1923 - 1934 14
" 9. Value of Foreign Trade and of Textile Imports and Exports of The United TTingdom 15
•^ 10, Percent of Textile Goods, Exported from
The United Kingdom, Classified by Kind 16
" 11. Value of Textile Goods Exi^orted by The
United Ki..gdom, Classified by Kind 17
" 12, Percent of Value of Textile Goods Im- ported by The United Kingdom, Classi- fied by Kind 18
" 13. Value of Textile Goods Imported by The
United Kingdom, Classified by Kind 19
" 14. Percent of Value of Textile Raw Ma- terials Imported by The United Kingdom, Classified by Kind 20
" 15. Value of Textile Rav/ Ivlaterials Im- ported by The United Kingdom, Classi- fied by Kind 21
" 16, Cotton Imi?orts of The United Kingdom
Classified by Principal Countries 22
" 17. ^^ool Imports of The United Kingdom
Classified by Principal Countries 23
"• 18. Value of Textile Goods Ex^^orted by
The United Kingdom 24
" 19, Exports of Cotton Goods bv the United
Kingdom, 1913 - 1934 25
" 20. Exports of Woolen-Worsted Goods by The
United Kingdom 26
" 21. E.xports of Wool Textile Goods by The
United Kingdom 27
-ii- 9543
Appendices (Continued)
Page !
Appendix 22. Wholesale Prices of Textile Goods in
. , The United -Kingdom 28
" 23, Indices of Wholesale Prices of Tex- tile Goods in The United Kingdom 29
" . 24, Wholesale Price Indices 'of Cotton Goods in Great Britain, France and Germany 30
1 1 . Textile Industry, in France 31-44
A. Textile Industry in General Economic System of
France '. 31-32
1. Relative importance of Ii.dustry 31
(a) The Volume of Production 31
("b ) The Volime of Employment 31
(c) The Volume of Industrial Equipment 31
,.- (d) Role of Textile Industry in Foreign Trade
of France 32
B, Organization of French Textile Industry 32-37
1. Decen.tralization- of Textile Industry 32
(a) Cotton Industry 33
(h) Wool Industry 34
(•Q ) Silk. Industry. ..•....■ 34
(d) ^ayon branch 34
(e) Linen section 35
(f ) Jute section 35
2. Labor .in .Textile Industry 35
5, Normal .Working Week 35
4, Cartcllzation of I'rench Textile Industry 35
C» Government and industry Measures Relation to
Textile Industry in France 37-39
'1. Tariffs 37
2. Restrictions of Imports 'by quotas 38
5, Reciprocal Trade Agreements 38
4, French .Rayon Industry 38
5, Measures Intended to Adjust Production to Demand- : 38
6, Bounties 39
Appendices ' . . ." 40-44
Ap]:)endix 1. Value of Exports from France; 19.23 to
. . 1935 • ■.'. . . 40
2.. Value of French Imports; 1928 to 1935 41
9643
-111-
Page 5 Appendices (Continued)
At)pendix 3, -Relative Importance of Haw Materials, Semi~f inished and Finichcd Textile Goods in French Textile Imports and • Exports ; 42
" 4, Establishments in the French Textile. Industry, Classified hy I'-oraber of - • Workers Employed, 1926 43
•• 5k ■ riamber- Employed in French Textile In- dustry,. Classified 'by Various Branches; 1926 43-A
■ ■ . . . ,
" 6. Wholesale Prices of French Textile
Goods 44
III. Textile Industry in Germc'iny 45-56
A. Importance of Textile Industry in General Economic Structure of Germany 45
1. Industry/ of- lon;;^ standing 45
2, Iinportance of German Textile Industry as it is revealed "Dy its
(a) Volume of Employncnt 45
(b) Volume of Industrial Equipment 46
B, Role of Textile I.idustry in German Foreign Trade.. 46-47
1. Share of Textile Goods in Foreign Trade 46
2. Importance of Cotton and Wool Branches 46
3. Dependence upon Imported Raw Materials 47
4. Textile Exports 47
C. Organization of Textile Indus-try 47-49
1. Cartels in Textile Industry 47
2. Factors explaining the lac^c of Cartelization. .47
3. Sweeping Or^-anizational Changes usider
present regime 48
4. Hours- of Work 49 ,
5. Shift- System 49
D, Government and- Industry Measures Relating to Textile Indsutry 50
1. German Textile Inc-ust-ry vas essentially Com- . petitive 50
2. Industry u.:der Cora^olete Control at -orese;iit « , . .50 3« Restrictions of Iirrports. 50
4, Substitutes for Hav/ Materials 50
5, Measures intended to Adjust Production to Demand on Domestic Market 51
6, Control of prices* 52
9643 ^iv^
Page s Appendices- •(•Coiitinued) .-. .
7, Prohibitioii of- -Exports of Used Machines 52
8. -Oontrol Measiires in Jute -Industry 52-53
•
Ap"oendices .• . . .■.■.■.■.'.•••.•.•. . . 54-56
Appendix 1. -Value of German foreign Trade; 1932
and 1933. 54 .
Ji
" •2.- ■ Vo.lue„of Textile Goods in German • Foreign Trade; 1928 and 1933 ,55
• -3, • Indices of Production in German ' . .- _. . Textile Industry 56
IV. Textile Industry in Italy 57-75
A, Importance of Industry in the General Economic
Structure of Italy.* .57
1. Volume of Employment in Textile . Industry. .,.,. .57
2. Entrepreneurial capital invested in the
Textile Trades 57
3. Industrial -Equipment 57
B« Importance of Industry in Italian Foreign Trade,... 58~64
1. Textile Industry is ranking first amiong all Italian Industries "by its sliare in the Value
of Imports and Exports in the Kingdom 58
2. Textile Industry Expanded in Italy in the
Last Three Decades 58
3. The Yarns and Fahrics are leading in the Exports. . . .■ 59
4. Italian Textile Exports are World-Wide 59
5. Italian Imports "by countries importing 59
6. Raw Textile ^iaterials - •aln Item of Italian Textile Imports 60
C. Organization of Textile Industry 60
1 • Growt-h of- Te-x-t i-le -Indus-try, 60
2, Concentration in the Industry 60
3, Diversity of the Industry 61
4, Stock companies- -in the Cotton Industry 61
5, Trade Unions in Italian Textile Industry 62
6, Fascistic transformation of Textile Industry, . .63
7, Profits' movements in Textile Industry 64
D, Government and Industry measures relating to
Textile Industry •......'■..... 64-67
1. Textile -Industry -on -a framev/ork of CorjDorate State 64
2. Measures affecting the Foreign Textile Trade:
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Textile Industry. in Italy (ContinuGcL)
3.
ea
(a (b (c
(d (e
(f
H
(a
(C
(d (e
(f
(g (h (i (j
j^ectriction of Imports 64
Tariffs ,,,.,,.,....... 65
Siibstittites for Rav; Materials 65
State ' s Credit for Exporters' 65
• Bilateral Trade A^Teements . , 66
Rayon Industry 66
lures for Adjustment of Production 66-69
■ Tile . "Institutes" as Controlling Asoncies . .66
Regulation of the Hours of Work 66
Th.e Minimum Wage Schedule .66 •
The. Measures to Distrioute Available Work. 66
Reduction of Costs 67
Restriction of . Construction. of Hew Plants
and of Extension of Existing Mills 67
An Elirai".-.ation of the Redundant Equipment 67
Heeulation of Silk. Production. . ,. 67
Regulation of Jute Production 68
• Control of Trade Practices 68-69
Appendices. ,<.
Appendix A, Production and Co:is"umption of
- - • Cotton Yarns in Italy 70
Appendix 1. I'lomher of Spindles and Looms in
Italian Cotton Industry 71
" 2, IT-um'Der of Spindles and Looms in
. Italian WqoX Industry 72
70-75
It
3. Relative .Impo.rt:^nce of Value of . • . . Textile Goods in Foreign Trade of Principal Countries
73
4, Italian Foreign Trade in Cotton
Goods; 1871 - 1934..". 74
.5. Value .of . It^alian Foreign Trade; .Classified by Products; 1933 and .1934 , 75
6-. Value of Textile Imports of Italy; 1933-1934 76
7, Percent of Textile Goods in Italian Foreign Trade, Classified
by Principal Countries, . _. 77
8, Value of Textile Goods, Exported from Italy, Classified "by Kind, 1933 and 1934 . . 78
9, E:q)ort5 of Rayon Goods by Italy,
9643
-VI-
Page ! A;ppendices (Continued) ..,..••,•••.••.••,•.
Appendix 9. Classified "by Principal Coimtries;
1934 '. 79
H
10. Principal, Coiui.trip^ Importing «.
Italian Cotton and Woolen Fabrics; 1934, ....,...,.,,, ..,....,,.., 80
ll,_ImpprtG of.Rav; Cotton Into, Italy, * 1929 to 1934, Classified by Prin- _ cipal Co-ontrics 81
12» . I;T-um"Der of .5s tabli^hm^Xits in Weaving and Spinning Branches of Italian Cotton Industry, in 1930, Classi- ■ . . .fied.by Size ' 82
13, Profit and Loss of Cotton Textile Companies iu Italy with Capital of ■ _ More. than Qne Millioi?. Lira; 1927 ' " ' ' to 1933 83
V • Textile Industry in Japan
A, Importance of Textile Industry in Ce'^ieral
Economic Structure ,rf Country. , 84
1, Expansion .of Textile Industry in Japan 84
tt
Its outstanding role in the National
Economy, ^ 84
5, Cotton and Silk - m.ost important branches .. .88
4, Dependence upon Imported Rav' I>feterials . . . , . .86
5, Japanese Textile Imports 88
6, Japanese Textile Exports 86
7, Rayon Industry in Japan v»83
B« Organization of Japanese Textile Industry 5?
1. High Concentration of Industry, .^ 87
2» Industrial and Inter-Industrial Inte-
gration-TvvvT .87
3, Lack of Organization among the Workers 87
4, Hours of Work. 88
5, Output per Worker .89
6, Remuneration of Labor. 89
7, Shift System gg
8, Price Movements; 1824 to 1934 ••■^••89
9, Price Fl^ojctuations 89
C, Government and Industry Measures Relating to
the Textile Industry ■ .90
1. Efficiency of Japanese Textile Industry is
uni que .90
9643 -vii«
«
Textile Industry in Japan (Continued)..
Pages
2, Unoeata"blG Comipctitive Position of Japan
on- the- internatior:a,l Market. 9C'
3,. protective Policies ^0
4,. Preferential Tariffs,.^ Br
5,. Reciprocity Principle in Japanese Trade
AfTcements-.-. •. •. ...•.•.■.■..-..•. .■.•••..... gi
6,. De-oreciation of Currency gi
7, 3oyc«ott gl
8, .Measures of Production Control ••92
9, . Govemmen-ta-l- Con-t-ro-1 -of Exports 92
Appendices
93-108
Appendix 1. juraoer of Spindles and Looms in
■ -Japanes-e -Cotton Industry. . 93
" 2, Value of Products in the Various - Branches of the Textile Industry in Japan ; .94
" 3. Value of Textile Products in Japan95
" 4, Percent of Increase in the Value
of Japanese Industrial Production; 1909-to 1S29 gs
5; Value of Japanese Factory Pro- ductr. , Classified by Industries; • • • 1929-. .-..•.... s .. » g?
6-, Cotton Piece Goods Output and • ■ • ITumber- of Operatives in Japan 98
7, Number' of- Sp-indles, Cotton Yarn Production, and Average plumber
• of Workers Per Day in Cotton Spinning Industry of Japan; 1923
• • to- 1934 99
8« . Number of Employees in Textile In- dustry in Japan loo
9,- Indices of the -Number of Cotton
Spindles in -Various Countries. ... IQI
•10.
Value of Textile Goods in the Japanese -roreign Trade; 1924 to 1935
102
11 » Hours Per Day Worked by Full-Time Employees in various Japanese In- dustries in October 1927 103 ,
9643
Vlll
Appendices (Continued
Appendix 12. Average Hours Per Day and Output per Worker in the Textile Industry of JapaJi; 1922 to 1932 104
" 13. Estimated Number of Cotton Spindles and Looms, Classified by Principal Countries; 1934 , 105
" 14. Wholesale Price Indices of Textile Goods in The United Kingdom and JapsJi 106
" 15. Indices of Wholesale Prices and Pro- duction of Textile Goods in The United Kingdom and Japan; 1925 to 1934 107
" 16. Indices of Production in Textile Industry, Classified "by Principal Countries; 1926 to 1934 .108
9643
IX
• • ■ ■ •
FOEEWOHD
Thio study of "The Textile Industry in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Japan", has "been pre- pared "by Mr. Ivan V. Eraelianofi of the Special Studies Section, Mr. G. G, Gainhle in general charge, as a joint project with the Textile Fabrics Unit of the Industry Studies Section.
This ma,terial is in rea.lity a preliminary draft, althou£;h limitations of personnel prevent further work be- ing done. It is made available because of its significance in connection with the .Tiajor study of the Textile Industry in the United States.
At the back of the report a brief statement of the studies •'jndertaken will be found.
L. C, Marshall
Director .Division of Review
February, 1936
;643
I. TEXTILE. IiroUSTSY IN .THE, milTSI) KING-DOM A. Textile Industry in the Manufact-grin;^ System of the Cor-ntry.
Since remote times the United Kini-^dom has held and still retains the leading -position in the world's textile production and trade,
1, The relative importance of the Textile Industry in the economic structure of the United Ki:v;:doiii ir- host illustrr.ted by:
(a) The Voluae of enTPloyiiipnt , which ajnountcd to 7,4 per cent in 1911 and 6,2 per cent in 1931 of the total number
of gainfully occupied persons in the United Kingdom; the Textile Indus t?:'y being second' to only the me tal-inr chines group v/hen laeasurod 'o'j vol-;i::ie oi enplo;\'Tacnt.
(b) Its prodi^ctive capa.city, which i;-; a.^i?roxi..iately onc~third of the '■'orld*': total in nuixiber oi sPindles and one-fifth of the number of loovis in the cotton branch - the most important section of inJ.ustry,
(c) Its place in foreign tr8-de_ - where the value of Imported textile goo./.s avera._,ed, during 19?0-1933, 17.1 per cent of the tota.l va.lue of British imports. Textile exports amoimted to 36,5 per cent of the value of total British exports for the same period,
2. The cotton and woolen branches^ are^ the most important of the textile trades in Great Sritain, they absorb roi^^ghly t',70-thirds of the total volu^n^ of employment in the Textile
9643
Industry and c: iitniQute ap;ca'oxl>riitol_; fjjp^ of th.o total value of th? British foreign trado in textiles.
■ 2« lUn^^land Ao'-onds uoon the i.:.v;ortcd ra^; toxtilo: h>itorial_s in all textile trades either entirely" as in the case of cotton, sil-z, jute and hemp or ^reeriiinently as in the case t f the vroel industry where the home grown wool fills 8 per cent onl;" of the total need < i the British Wool Indvistry.
" '■^"« T^. British iiTi'ports of toxtiles consist mainly of rav; materials which avcra-^'ied 7J per r-.ent ci total textile imports durinf^ 1'32(' to 1933; and ex^.-.orts, i.iainly of piece ir;oods. Piece ;.;oods avoraced 83 per cent of all textile exports for the period 19.30 to 1933 and yams 13.7 per cent.
■ * • I-jL. the most irai^ortant branch of the British Textile Industry - the oottc n trad-: - since the 'War about tvo-thirds rf the total output of ;. arnn and oTor six-soYonths cf the output of fabrics has been proc'ucf^d for e:r:'ort,
^« The v>rinci::3al C'.'TJj.itrios exfortintr; cotton to Sn;;:land are the United States and Egj'^ot wJ-ch nu:ply abr^it three-fciu'ths ('f the total raw cotton censutned in Great Britain, Jibout four-fifths cf the British consiamption of rav^-- v/ocl j.s iinported from the British Dominions (Australia, Kev/ Zealand, Seuth Africa ano British Inoia) .
The British exoorts in both tnose branches lia.ve a,lways been vorld-wide.
9643
-3- . ..
B, Organization oi" the British Textile Industry.
1 . The British Textile Industry in almoct all its "branches is hi^'hly sectionali/.cd an^. is lackin,-?; in industrial inte.'u-a-ti on. Firms of different types and of varyin;'^ sizes exist in the Cotton Inc'ustry of 5n{;^land. The outntancin^., ciiaractcrictic of her vool incustry is the prevalence of the snie.ll unit. T^^^o sections of the Textile Industry, however - the finishing trades and the rayon "branch - are highly concentrated and represent strong monopolies.
2. The labor conditions in tlie British Textile Industry are not subject to any statutory regulations. The normal hours of v^orlc prescri'Dcd "by the Ifetional Agreer.ient of t:ic incur. try anr la,hor in 1919 were forty-^ight hoi:)Ts per veek. After many attempts h" the manufacturers to exten>: the y;orking time to fifty-tivo and one half hours weekly d-u-ring 1938-1952, the original noriiial v/eek of forty- eight hours was restored "by the National Agreement and is still in force.
5, No multiple shift syc-tem is allov^ed in Lancashire - a very small group of the employers, no^'ever, ( vomon and jiuiiors- total momber about 20,000 persons) is ^-'orking in the rayon industry on a tvra shift "basis,
4. There are numerous cartels , ''agreements" a,nd "understandings" among the British textile manufacturers in almost all nections of the industry. All those organizations, ho^-evor, are i^rominently ■unsta"ble and inef Tic lent, due to (a) the high sectionalization of the industry (b) the ^"ide diversity of the -uiiits and (c) the
964
— 4'-
partial character of the or£;aiiizations. Hence, v-ith the except ion of the vertically intei23:"a-teG. and actrrJly nonopolir.tic finishing and ra^on trades the British Textile Industry as a wliole still remains substantially competitive,
5. The price moveinents in the British textiles perfectly coincide with the trends traceable in the chan.:';es of the foreign trade of Lancashire, in the vol-ume of employment a.nd in the state of the industrial equipment employed in the post-v.-ar period. After the boom ~ the p r i c^ £ boom of 1930 - there follo^ved a decline in textile prices vith a s^^ia.rp drop after 1933; after the slif^ht detention of the decline under the influence of the 1930-1929 industrial boom th^ fall in T>rices of textile goods v;as precipitate jand uninterrupted -ontil 196 ';. The coiurse of price trends in textiles v/as not identical. As an illustration prices in jute and hemp branchec vary .._,reatly v.'h-/.i comparei ^Ith thc^^e of cotton, wool and linen.
C , Government and Or;":ani2ed Industry Llcasures Relatin-; to ■ the Textile Industry.
1, A protective policy started in England in 1913 and v/as finally a.dopted in 1933, The restriction of- imports by the pro- tective tariffs, ho^-ever, could not influence materially the imports of textiles, since three-fourths of the imported textiles v/ere rav/ materials, also the imported semi-finished a,nd finished textile goods did not cor.ipete directly with t.-e Lancashire industry.
9643
2. The preferential tarifr a.ri-anf;eiTirntG adopted in 1933 (Ottav/a Conference) were, accordi:i,_; to tne prevailing opinion amon^ British maniifacturers, more "beneficial to the Dorainions than to England, though the voliaine of biisiness '-ithin the Empire in 1933 increased slij,htly, vdiile the trade of England v/ith the Foreign cowitries v/as still in recession. In 1934 the grov/th of the Imperial trade ?;as more rapid than that vdth foreign countries,
3. The artificial silk section is the onl';^ branch of the Textile Industry in the United Kin/^-dom re^^^lated by the mighty international cartel. In this Co^ortauld Company has been from the start one of the most influencial pe.rticipants. Courtauld Company controls over foiir-fifthr: of the rayon production of the United Kingdom. The loc.'.; of vertical integration and of cartelliza- tion on a national scale in all other textile brcinches prevents a possibility of international industrial agreements,
4. The restoration of t'/ie gold stande-rd in England in 192.3 aggravated raarkedly the conditions of foreign trade in the Textile Industry ano. v/as consic.ered to be a po^"'erful faxtor a.t that critical moment by the Lancashire manufn.cturers. The desertion of the gold standard in 1931 did not act as a stimulus to expansion of foreign tra,de, since the other countries fol~ lo^-'ed England in devaluiition of their currencies a.nC the chief British competitor - Japan- depreciated her yen still more and
9643
•o-
became an even greater competitor than "before. Thiir;, the temporary "benefits from depreciation vere soon earjil;- destroyed "by counter- attacks,
6 . Amonp^ the measures intendec'. to adjust 'oroduction to demand , besides the establishet'. normal vrorhin,;; \7eej: of 43 hoijrs (See B-3) and the one-shif t-ivystem principle ( See 3-5) there were nunberless attempts in the United Kin^idom to regulate Industry through the cuota agreements, price fixing, terms of sale and minimun price "arrangements. ' Ho'-ever, none of these attempts could justify the e:oectations, and the cartels altho-'jgh created under the "oressure of a most dire necesrrity could not exist ^.'ue to the high dispersion, extreme sectionalism e.nC. '-;ide diversit^^ of the business unitL within the industry.
6. The most recent a.nc. fc.r rec?iching measiu'e of the adjustment of production to demand in the Unitec. I:in^,dom is the planned scrapping of 10,000,000 spindles by the Cotton Industry ^-'ith compensation for the scra-pped ( and sealed) spindles. This plan is still in need of necessary approval oi" tne Industry (90 i3er cent of manufacturers must aaopt it). Ho'/ever, this is only a palliative measure a,iming to eliminate the gigantic surplus of productive capaxit y in order to as^tue a full utilization of the remaining industrial equipi-ient and in the long run means a.n economic, retreat of the British Textile Indu!~try before her power- ful rival Japan.
9643
-7-
Years
1913 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1923 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933
APPLITDIX I
RAV; COTTOi) SETAIIIED I.il Till] UlTITl,!) I[Ii::ijO..I (in Thousands of Po"anG.s)
Ai.iouiit Im':^ortec.
|
3 |
174, |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
203, |
|
1 |
490, |
|
1 |
357, |
|
1 |
OOO J |
|
1 |
950, |
|
1 |
802, |
|
1 |
,630, |
|
1 |
,559, |
|
1 |
,509, |
|
1 |
275, |
|
1 |
loo. |
|
1 |
326, |
|
1 |
487, |
229.5 655.7 528.8 370.7 407.7 3?5.0
or.s.o
42G . 5 515.4 558.6 375.6
7&.:.l
961. 5
059.0 027.5
Amount ?.e-ex or 0 eel
257 233 155 o8 112
140 1-8 134 70 80 74 '_-2 55 55
545.2 913.9 515.1 483.1
527 . 7
349.1 504.4 ..;09 . 5 308.1
AC C /
423.4 330.8 581.9
ArnouP-t Retained
|
1= |
315, |
|
1, |
TOO I..' ^ ~J J |
|
1, |
047, |
|
1, |
^..01, |
|
1, |
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
319, |
|
1 |
55 -: , |
|
1, |
502, |
|
1 |
-■99, |
|
1 |
529, |
|
1, |
201, |
|
1 |
111. |
|
1 |
272, |
|
1 |
431, |
654.7 747.8 013.7 o32,o 948.5 953.8 540,3 177.4 209.0 1---9 . 1 057.5 317.7 533.1 238.2 455.7
SOURCE: StatistiCcil aostract for the United Kin.'>Lom. London, 1935
9643
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CM X
B
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tuO |
|
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i^! |
|
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pr"! |
iH |
|
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^1 0) |
|
-P |
|
|
rH |
w |
|
M |
|
|
Q |
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CO |
rd |
|
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rf |
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8 |
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APPENDIX 3
PEHCENT OF VALUE OF TEXTILE GOODS IMPORTED BY TliE UNITED KINGDOM
Years
1913
1920
1921
1922
Total
In-norts
100 ..0
100-0
100,0
100,0
1.923 S 100,0
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
100.0
ino,0
100,0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100,0
100,0
3
1933 : 100,0
:
Total
Textile
Imports
21.5 23.6 15.2 20.4 18.7 21.0 20.9 17.0 16.1 17.4 16,7 13.8 12.5 12.1 13.8
Textile Imports
Cotton Yarn
9,9 13.4 7.1 -9.1 9.0 10.0 9.9 7.1 6.0 7.2 6.8 4. 8 3.7 4,6 5.6
^ool Yara
4.9 4.8 4.1 6.2 4.6 5.0 5,7 5.3
L;.2
5.4 5.3 4.4
4.1
4,6 5.3
Other Yarns
2.6 1.9 1.1 1.4 1,1 1.4 1.5 1,2 1,5 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2
Manufac- tured Textiles
4,1 3,5
2,9
3,7
3,0 4,6 3,3 3.4 3.4 3,5 3,3 3,6 3,9 2,7 lo7
SOURCE: statistical Abstracts for the United Kingdom, London.
9643
«io~
APPENDIX 4
milBER OF EMPLOYEES I!I TEXTILE liTDUSTRIiLS 07 TIIE IT::ITED KIITODOM
(in Thoucands)
|
TEXTILE i:n3USTIlIES |
||||||||
|
t 1 |
■Dyeing |
Other |
||||||
|
All |
' |
Woolen ' |
Kemp, |
■& Bleach- |
T^extile |
|||
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. Indus- , |
and |
Jute , |
ing Pro- |
Indus- |
||||
|
Year |
tries |
Total • |
Cotton |
\7orsted |
Etc. |
ducts |
Silk |
tries |
|
1881 |
12,73.9' |
• 1,191 " |
520 .' |
252' ■ |
85 : |
65 |
.' 64 |
204 |
|
1891 |
. 14,500 |
1 , 253 • |
552 |
275 |
■ 93 •: |
56 |
53 |
114 |
|
1901 |
16,312 |
1,159 • |
. 544 . |
235 ■ |
99 •: |
79 |
. 37 |
175 |
|
1911 |
18,354 |
1,359- |
646 . |
261- |
105 |
111 |
53 |
203 |
|
1921 |
19 , 357 |
1,293- |
621 . |
250 ■ |
88 |
117 |
' 34 |
173 |
|
1931 |
21,055 |
1,317- |
591 |
248 |
86 • |
116 |
72 |
204 |
SOime?'/: statist icc?.l Al^stract for The United Xingdom, London, 1935. •
9643
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